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2010 Supreme(P&H) 2080

PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Kanwaljit Singh Ahluwalia, J.
Gurdeep Singh
Versus
Balbir Singh
Civil Revision No. 3720 of 2009,
Decided On : JULY 22, 2010

The protection under Section 60(ccc) of the Civil Procedure Code is available only to the judgment debtor and not to the legal heirs.

Headnote:

Attachment of Residential House - Civil Procedure Code - Section 60(i) (ccc) - 2(10), Civil Procedure Code - Section 60(ccc) - [Sikandar Singh v. Harjit-pal Singh (2005-1)139 Punjab Law Reporter 591, Bikram Singh v. Surjit Singh and Others (2004-3) 138 PLR 129, Shri K.L. Bawa v. M/s Basant Textiles, (1982)84 Punjab Law Reporter 258, Sheela Rani v. Punjab and Sind Bank Ltd. (1994-1)106 Punjab Law Reporter 583, Rajinder Kaur and Others v. Kashmira Singh and Others (Civil Revision No. 3693 of 2004, decided on 25.11.2009)]

Fact of the Case:

The legal representative of the judgment debtor sought to set aside the order for attachment of a residential house inherited by him, claiming exemption under Section 60(i) (ccc) CPC.

Finding of the Court:

The court rejected the objections raised by the petitioner, upholding the lower court's decision that the residential house could be attached.

Issues: The main issue was whether the residential house inherited by the petitioner could be exempted from attachment under Section 60(i) (ccc) CPC.

Ratio Decidendi: The court relied on precedents such as Sikandar Singh v. Harjit-pal Singh, Bikram Singh v. Surjit Singh, Shri K.L. Bawa v. M/s Basant Textiles, Sheela Rani v. Punjab and Sind Bank Ltd., and Rajinder Kaur and Others v. Kashmira Singh and Others to establish that the protection under Section 60(ccc) of the Civil Procedure Code is available only to the judgment debtor and not to the legal heirs.

Final Decision: The court dismissed the revision petition, affirming the lower court's decision to reject the objections raised by the legal heirs of the judgment debtor.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The protection under Section 60(ccc) CPC is available only to the judgment debtor and not to the legal heirs. (!) (!) (!) - The case held that a residential house inherited by the judgment debtor’s legal representative cannot be exempted from attachment under Section 60(ccc); objections by legal heirs were dismissed. (!) (!) (!) - Jurisprudence cited includes Sikandar Singh v. Harjit-pal Singh, Bikram Singh v. Surjit Singh, Shri K.L. Bawa v. M/s Basant Textiles, Sheela Rani v. Punjab and Sind Bank Ltd., and Rajinder Kaur and Others v. Kashmira Singh and Others to support the personal nature of the protection to the judgment debtor. (!) (!) (!) (!) (!) - The executing court’s reasoning that the judgment debtor cannot evade liability by attaching the property via Section 60(ccc) when he had executed an agreement to sell; hardship to the decree holder is considered. (!) (!) - The High Court affirmed the lower courts and dismissed the revision petition filed by the legal heirs. (!) (!)

What is the scope of protection under Section 60(ccc) CPC for the main residential house in relation to the judgment debtor and his legal heirs?

What is the effect of a judgment debtor’s execution of an agreement to sell his residential house on the applicability of Section 60(ccc) protection?

What are the precedents and legal principles governing whether the protection under Section 60(ccc) is available to legal heirs of the judgment debtor?


Judgment

Kanwaljit Singh Ahlnwalia, J.

1. Gurdeep Singh, legal representative of Gurmaii Singh, judgment debtor, has approached this Court for setting aside the order dated 22.1.2007 (Annexure P4), passed by the Additional Civil Judge (Senior Division), acting as the Executing Court, Samrala, District Ludhiana, whereby the objections, raised by the petitioner that the residential house inherited by him, being exempted under Section 60(i) (ccc) CPC, cannot be attached, were rejected. The said order was made subject matter of appeal and the Court of Additional District Judge (Fast Track Court), Ludhiana, vide its order dated 12.2.2009 (Annexure P6), upheld the order under appeal (Annexure P4). Thus, the objections, raised by the petitioner, were rejected.

2. Hence, the present revision petition.

3. Respondent No.l instituted a suit for possession by way of specific performance of an agreement to sell dated 1.6.1994 against Gurmaii Singh, father of the petitioner. In the suit, it was pleaded that father of the petitioner had executed an agreement to sell dated 1.6.1994 and received a sum of Rs.75,000/- as earnest money, in advance. The suit was contested. The trial Court, vide its judgment dated 21.12.1998 (Annexure P1) concluded that a decree of specific performance against the defendant cannot be passed, however, granted an alternative relief in favour of the plaintiff/respondent No.l, which is reproduced below:-

"...16. In view of my findings on above issues, suit of the plaintiff is decreed with costs for the recovery of Rs.80,000/- as claimed in the alternative relief. The plaintiff shall also be entitled to future interest at the rate of 6% per annum from the date of decision till the realization of decretal amount. Decree sheet be prepared accordingly. File be consigned to record room".

4. The judgment of the trial Court (Annexure P1) was assailed by father of the petitioner by filing an appeal. Respondent No.l had also filed cross-objections. Vide its judgment dated 25.1.2002 (Annexure P2), the Court of District Judge, Ludhiana, while upholding the judgment of the trial Court (Annexure PI), had dismissed the appeal of Gurmaii Singh, father of the present petitioner and cross-objections filed by plaintiff/respondent No.l.

5. Respondent No.l, being a decree holder, filed an execution petition. An objection petition was filed, wherein it was pleaded that the objector has got only residential house and there is no other house to reside in with the family. Therefore, the same cannot be attached.

6. The Executing Court relied upon a judgment rendered in Sikandar Singh v. Harjit- pal Singh (2005-1)139 Punjab Law Reporter 591 to hold that since this very house was being sold in pursuance of an agreement to sell, the objections, filed by the petitioner, cannot be sustained. While rejecting the objections, the Executing Court observed, as under:-

"...In my considered view in the present case also the JD has knowingly created a lien over the house in dispute at the time when he executed the agreement to sell in favour of the DHL It was well within the knowledge of the JD at that time that it was the only residential house of the JD. Even then if the JD executed the agreement to sell it means that the JD was ready to suffer the hardship by divesting himself of the only residential house. If at this stage, the JD is allowed to wriggle out of his liability by taking the benefit of Section 60(CCC) of the CPC, that would be a mockery of the legal provisions. It would deliver a wrong message that those persons who own only one residential house that they can easily execute an agreement to sell and then to wriggle out of their liability they can take benefit of Section 60(CCC) CPC that they would not be divested of the house being the only residential house. In such like cases, the sufferer is always the DH, who has neither got a decree for specific performance in his favour nor he is able to reap the fruits of alternate decree of recovery














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