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1974 Supreme(P&H) 33

PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT
Bal Raj Tuli, J.
Kishan Kumar
Versus
Baldev Singh
Civil Revision No. 450 of 1973,
Decided On : FEBRUARY 28, 1974

The legal representatives of a deceased statutory tenant have a right to remain in possession of the demised premises after his death, as the statutory tenancy is indivisible and continues even when one of the two statutory tenants is dead.

Headnote:

EAST PUNJAB URBAN RENT RESTRICTION ACT, 1949 - SECTION 13 - EJECTMENT OF TENANTS - JOINT TENANCY - SURVIVING TENANT'S RIGHTS - LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES OF DECEASED TENANT - IMPLEADING AS PARTIES - ORDER 22 RULE 4, CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE - APPLICABILITY - INTERPRETATION.

Fact of the Case:

Landlord filed a petition for ejectment of tenants on various grounds, including partition of the demised premises between the tenants. Tenants denied the partition and asserted joint tenancy. The Rent Controller dismissed the petition, but the Appellate Authority remanded the case for further proceedings. During the pendency of the appeal, one of the tenants died, and the landlord applied to bring his legal representatives on record. The Appellate Authority dismissed the application, holding that the appeal had abated as far as the deceased tenant was concerned.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that the Appellate Authority erred in dismissing the application to bring the legal representatives of the deceased tenant on record. The court found that the tenancy was joint, and therefore, the entire lease vested in the surviving tenant upon the death of the other tenant. The court also held that the legal representatives of the deceased tenant had a right to remain in possession of the demised premises after his death, as the statutory tenancy was indivisible and continued even when one of the two statutory tenants was dead.

Issues: 1. Whether the tenancy was joint or tenancy-in-common. 2. Whether the legal representatives of the deceased tenant had a right to remain in possession of the demised premises after his death.

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the tenancy was joint, based on the following factors: (a) the landlord's assertion in the petition for ejectment that the tenants had taken the premises on lease for a joint business; (b) the tenants' denial in their written statement that the tenancy was joint, but their assertion that it continued to be so; (c) the ground for ejectment mentioned in the petition that the sons of the deceased tenant had started using a part of the premises fallen to his share for their business, which amounted to subletting; and (d) the assertion of the surviving tenant in his reply to the application to bring the legal representatives of the deceased tenant on record that the deceased tenant's legal representatives had come into possession of the demised premises without his consent. 2. The court held that the legal representatives of the deceased tenant had a right to remain in possession of the demised premises after his death, based on the following principles: (a) the statutory tenancy was indivisible, and therefore, the statutory protection afforded to that tenancy continued even when one of the two statutory tenants was dead; (b) the heirs of the deceased tenant had to be brought on the record as legal representatives of the deceased statutory tenant along with the surviving statutory tenant; and (c) the rights of two or more persons holding a demise under one lease were considered by a Full Bench of the Lahore High Court in Moti Lal v. Kartar Singh, ILR (1930)22 Lah 427, which held that in such a case, the entire body of tenants constituted a single tenant, qua the landlord, for certain purposes.

Final Decision: The court accepted the petition, set aside the order of the Appellate Authority, and allowed the application to bring the legal representatives of the deceased tenant on record. The court directed the Appellate Authority to decide the appeal after bringing on record the legal representatives of the deceased tenant.

Judgment

Bal Raj Tuli, J.

1. The Landlord, Krishan Kumar, filed a petition under section 13 of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949 , for the ejectment of his tenants, Baldev Raj Singh and Kishan Chand, on various grounds mentioned in that petition. Sant Ram was also made a respondent on the ground that a portion of the demised premises had been sublet to him. Krishan Kumar was then a minor but has since attained majority and has filed this revision petition himself.

2. It is stated in the petition for ejectment that Baldev Raj Singh and Kishan Chand were tenants of the petitioner and had taken the premises on lease per rent-deed dated April 28, 1961, agreeing to pay Rs. 45/- per mensem. The said tenants were permitted to raise constructions which they were entitled to remove at the time of vacating the premises. One of the grounds for ejectment mentioned in the petition was as under :-

"The respondents Nos. 1 and 2 have partitioned the said premises between themselves since about eight months. The northern portion shown red in the plan has fallen to the share of respondent No. 1 and the southern green portion has fallen to the share of respondent No. 2 and each of them has started separate business, though originally the premises were taken by respondents Nos. 1 and 2 for their joint business of saw mills which was started in the name of Guru Amar Dass Saw Mills. All changes had been made by the respondents Nos. 1 and 2 illegally and unauthorisiedly without the permission of the petitioner."

In answer to this plea, the said respondents in their written statement, denied that they had partitioned the premises between themselves and that the alleged northern portion had fallen to the share of respondent No. 1 and the southern portion to the share of respondent No. 2, and that they had started separate business therein. It was also denied that they had originally taken the said property for their joint business of saw mills. It was however, asserted that they continued as joint tenants under the petitioner as before and,in any case, any internal arrangement regarding the user of the demised premises between them did not constitute and breach of the terms of the rent-deed nor did it require any permission of the landlord nor furnished any ground for the ejectment of the tenants.

3. The learned Rent Controller, by his order dated December 28, 1967, dismissed the petition on the ground that the ejectment of the tenants could not be ordered on any of the grounds mentioned in the petition. Against that order, Krishan Kumar filed an appeal which was accepted by the learned appellate Authority on February 2, 1969. The learned Appellate Authority held that grounds mentioned at (c), (d) and (f) of para 2 of the petition did disclose a cause of action against the tenants and the sub-tenant. He affirmed the order of the Rent Controller with regard to grounds (b) and (e). Ground (a) related to the non-payment of rent which was given up after the tenants tendered the rent due on the first date of hearing of the petition. The case was remanded to the Rent Controller with a direction to dispose of the ejectment petition in the light of the observations made in the appellate order.

4. After remand, the Rent Controller dismissed the petition on May 6, 1971, holding that grounds (c), (d) and (f) of para 2 of the petition had not been established. Against that order, Krishan Kumar filed an appeal before the Appellate Authority Gurdaspur. During the pendency of that appeal, Kishan Chand died and an application was made for bringing on record his legal representatives. That application was contested by Baldev Raj Singh on the ground that the tenancy of Kishan Chand deceased had come to an end on account of his death and it was not necessary to implead his heirs and legal representatives as respondents to the appeal. It was further submitted that the possession of the heirs and legal representatives of Kishan Chand of the demised premises































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