A corporate body like a university can only act through a formal resolution passed by its governing body, and the authorized officer, such as the Registrar, cannot present an appeal without such resolution.

, J.

1. This regular second Appeal has bean preferred by the appellant, the Panjab Univeisiry Chandigarh against the judgment ana decree dated 1.10.1988 passed by Shri R. N. Singal, Additional District Judge, Ambala, vide which, the first appeal brought by the University was dismissed as incompetent.

2. The brief facts leading to the litigation are that Tilak Raj Dogra, respondent, brought a suit for a diclaration Co the effect that his date of birth was 3-2-1929 and nut 13- 7- 1927, as entered in the Matriculation Certificase issued by the University He clamed to have appeared and passed the Matriculation Examination in March, 1955. The suit was contested by the University and was tried on the following issues :1. Whether the date of birth of the plaintiff is 3-2-1929? 2. Whether the suit of the plaintiff is time barred

3. Whether the Civil Courts at Ambala City have no jurisdiction to entertain and try the present suit

4. Whether the plaintiff is estopped from filing the present suit by his own act and conduct

5. Whether the suit in the present form is not maintainable

6. Whether the suit is bad for non-joinder and misjoinder of necessary parties

7. Relief. On the basis of the findings recorded, the suit of the plaintiff was decreed. An appeal was then preferred by the University through its Registrar wherein a preliminary objection was taken that the appeal was not maintainable The University was a body corporate and hence It required a resolution to file an appeal. In the absence of a resolution to file an appeal, it was not competent This objection found favour with the learned Addl. District Judge who dismissed the appeal on the preliminary objection. The University has come up in second appeal against that judgment.3. When the appeal came up for hearing in Single Bench before his lordships G. C. Mital, J. , who made a reference that the matter be decided by a larger Bench. That is how this appeal has come up before us 4. The learned counsel for the appellant relies upon the provisions of Sec.21 of the Punjab University Act (briefly the Act) in support of the argument that the Registrar was competent to present an appeal and he need not have further authorisation. Sec.21 of the Act reads as :" section 21. Registrar :-

The Registrar shall be a whole time paid officer of the University appointed by the Senate. He shall be incharge of the administration of the University, acting under the immediate control of the Vice-Chancellor and shall represent the University in all legal proceedings except where the Senate otherwise resolves to the contrary " The argument put forth is that the Registrar, being an authorised officer to represent the University in all proceedings, has also an authority to sue and thus, also present an appeal. The argument of the other side is to the effect that a corporate body must act only through a resolution to be passed by the Senate which is the Supreme body of the University. We are inclined to accept the argument of the learned counsel for the respondent.5. In Vice Chancellor V/s. S. K. Gosh, A. I. R.1954 S. C.217, their lordships held as under:" though an incorporated body like an University is a legal enmity, has neither a living mind nor voice. It can only express its will in a formal way by a formal resolution and so can only act in its corporate capacity by resolutions properly considered, carried and duly recorded in the manner laid down by its Constitution. " 6. In Punjab Agricultural University V/s. Walia Brothers, (1969) 71 P. L. R.257 a Vice-Chancellor, without any resolution of the Board of Management, had preferred an appeal in a civil suit. Sec.12 (2) of the Punjab Agricultural University Act provides that the Vice Chancellor shall exercise general control over the affairs of the University and shall be responsible for the due maintenance of discipline at the University. Under item No.27 Schedule Part B powers are given to the Vice Chancellor for sanctioning the expenditure w