Fish is a forest produce within the meaning of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and the Forest Settlement Officer has jurisdiction to grant fishing rights in favor of fishermen.

( 1 ) THE State of Uttar Pradesh has filed this petition under Article 226 of the Constitution through the Divisional Forest Officer, Bijnor, for the issue of a writ of certiorari quashing the order of the district Judge, Bijnor, dated Nov. 3, 1971 and the order of the Forest Settlement Officer, Bijnor dated Nov. 27, 1967.

( 2 ) BRIEFLY the facts are that the notifications under Ss. 4, 6, and 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 were issued bv the State Govt. for declaring a certain area as a reserved forest in the district of bijnor. The village Shahnagar Kurali falls within that area and river Ramganga flows through the reserved forest. Abdul Latif respondent No. 3 claiming himself to be the secretary of the union of Fishermen and representative of fishermen Biradari of village Shahnagar Kurali, made an application before the Forest Settlement Officer under Section 12 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927, hereinafter referred to as the Act, for the grant of fishing right free of charge in the river ramganga to the fishermen of the village. He asserted that the fishermen of the village shahnagar Kurali have been fishing in the river since times immemorial prior to the Zamindari abolition Act, and they have been carrying on their livelihood by catching fish in the river ramganga without any charge. Even after the enforcement of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and land Reforms Act, 1950 they have continued to enjoy that right without any interference by the state Government. The Divisional Forest Officer filed a written statement asserting that the fishermen are not entitled to any customary right of fishing in the river Ramganga free of charge. Abdul Latif applicant produced seven witnesses in support of the allegation that the fishermen of the village had a customary right to carry on fishing operation in the river Ramganga without any charge. No oral evidence was produced on behalf of the State. The Forest Settlement Officer by his order dated 27-2-69 accepted the plea of the fishermen of village Shahnagar Kurali and permitted them to exercise their right of fishing in the river. Ramganga free of charge subject to the condition that the Government will have authority to pass orders regarding auction of fishing right, if considered necessary. The State preferred appeal against that order but the District Judge by his order dated Nov. 3, 1971 dismissed the appeal and affirmed the order of the Forest settlement Officer. Aggrieved the State Government has filed this petition under Article 226 of the Constitution.

( 3 ) LEARNED Standing Counsel urged that fish is not a "forest produce" as such the Forest settlement Officer had no jurisdiction to grant any customary right to the fishermen under section 12 of the Act. While considering this contention, it is necessary to refer to the scheme of the Act. Once the State Government takes a decision to declare a certain area as reserved forest, it issues a notification under Section 4 of the Act specifying the situation and limits of the land which is sought to be covered by the reserved forest The Government appoints an officer known as the Forest Settlement Officer to enquire and to determine the existence, nature and extent of any right in favour of any person over the land comprised within the proposed area, Section 11 requires the Forest Settlement Officer to issue a proclamation of the land explaining the consequences which would ensue on the reservation of such forest and fixing a period of not less than three months requiring every person to make application claiming right, if any, in the land in the area. After making enquiry into such claim, the Forest Settlement Officer is empowered to pass orders admitting or rejecting the right as a whole or in part as provided under Section 12 of the Act. Under Section 13 of the Act, the Forest Settlement Officer is required to record the right in the village paper to the extent admitted by him. Section 20 lays down that the State gov