Section 60(1)(b) of the Code of Civil Procedure should be interpreted liberally to protect the implements of every farmer, regardless of the size of his farm or the nature of his implements.

( 1 ) THIS is a civil revision under Section 25 of the Small Cause Courts Act brought by a judgment-debtor. The opposite party to this revision had obtained a money decree against the judgment-debtor in 1945. In or about the year 1951 he sought to execute this decree by attachment and sale of a tractor belonging to the judgment-debtor. The judgment-debtor sought protection from, attachment of the tractor in question under Clause (b) of the Proviso to Section 60 (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Small Cause Court refused to give him the protection and held that the tractor was not exempt from attachment. The Small Cause Court also held that the judgment-debtor was not an agriculturist. It rejected the objection of the judgment-debtor with costs.

( 2 ) HENCE the judgment-debtor has come up by way of civil revision under Section 25 of the small Cause Courts Act. Before we quote Sub-clause (b) of the proviso to Section 60 (1) of the code we might state that it is admitted that the judgment-debtor was carrying on mechanised farming in a farm of roughly 1,200 bighas. It is also admitted that the principal source of livelihood of the judgment-debtor is now agriculture, though in the past the judgment-debtor had income from other sources. There is no reason therefore why he should not be considered an agriculturist. now we will quote the relevant part of Section 60 (1) of the Code.

"60 (1)Provided that the following particulars shall not be liable to such attachment or sale, namely. (a) (b) tools of artisans, and where the judgment-debtor is an agriculturist, his implements of husbandry and such cattle and seedgrains as may, in the opinion of the Court, be necessary to enable him to earn his livelihood as such, and such portion of agricultural produce or of any class of agricultural produce as may have been declared to be free from liability under the provisions of the next following section. "

The words used in Sub-clause (b) have not been defined in the Code and since certain arguments have been advanced on the basis of the meaning of those words, it is necessary that we should give the meaning of those words as is found in an admittedly standard dictionary, namely, the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1936 :"artisan -- One who practices or cultivates an art; one occupied in any industrial art; a mechanic, handicraftsman. AGRICULTURIST -- At first, a student of the science of agriculture; later, a farmer. IMPLEMENT -- Things that serve as equipment or outfit; the apparatus, instruments etc. employed in any trade or in executing any piece of work; as agricultural implements, flint implements, etc. HUSBANDRY -- The business of a husbands-man, agriculture, farming, industrial occupation generally. LIVELIHOOD -- Manner of life; Means of living, Maintenance; Income, revenue, stipend. "

The contention which was advanced before us was that Sub-clause (b) showed that the protection was only to be afforded to small agriculturists and to implements of a rudimentary character and that Sub-clause (b) of the Proviso could not protect implements of husbandry of substantial farmers and implements of a mechanised character. We have already given the dictionary meaning of the principal words used in this clause. Upon the meaning which can be attached to the words we see no reason for holding that Clause (b) of the Proviso applies only to the case of very small farmers and not to the case of larger farmers. It seems to us what this clause aims at is to protect the implements of every farmer so as to enable him to continue earning his livelihood in the same way as he has been earning previously. There is nothing to indicate that the clause is limited to small farmers. The further difficulty in holding that it was limited to small farmers would be that there would be no criterion for determining what a small farmer was.

( 3 ) IN support of the contention that mechanised implements of husbandry are not protected by