( 1 ) THESE are seven references under Section 11 of the U. P. Sales Tax Act. As the questions to be answered are common all the references can be dealt with jointly.

( 2 ) IT appears that seven applications for reference of certain questions of law to this Court were made by five firms which had been assessed to sales tax by the Sales Tax Officers concerned. All of them were building contractors who had obtained contracts for the construction of buildings and had in connection with those contracts used materials like bricks, wood, cement etc. In the case of some of these contractors the supply of the materials had been arranged for by the Public Works Department or by the Development Board. The value of the materials used in connection with those contracts had not been included in their turnovers by the contractors. The sales Tax Officers had, therefore, issued notices of reassessment to these firms and assessed them on the value of these materials also taking the view that all these materials must be deemed to have been sold by the assessees to the persons for whom they made the contracted constructions. The assessees went up in appeal to the Judge Appeals, Sales Tax, and contended that the material supplied in connection with the construction which they had undertaken could not be considered to have been sold by the contractors and their value could not, therefore, be included in the turnover of these firms for the purposes of assessment of sales tax. The Judge appeals did not agree with this contention and was of opinion that the building materials used in the construction should have been included in the turnover and duly assessed. He, however, sought to make a distinction between the materials which had been received through the P. W. D. and the Development Board and the materials which had not been obtained through these departments. He thought the former ought to be excluded from assessment. He, therefore, sent back the cases to the Sales Tax Officers for re-assessment keeping in view the distinction pointed out by him in his judgment. The matter was however taken up in revision to the Judge revisions, Sales Tax, by the Commissioner of Sales Tax. The Judge Revisions confirmed the view taken by the Judge Appeals. The assessees then applied to the Judge Revisions requesting him to refer certain questions to this Court under Section 11 of the U. P. Sales Tax Act. These references were then made. The questions which have been thus referred to us for answer are these : (

1) Whether there was sale by the contractors of the building materials used in construction ? (2) Whether they (assessees) are dealers within the meaning of the U. P. Sales Tax Act ? (3) Whether the turnover of building materials cannot be assessed separately from the labour charges, if their cost is not separately shown in the bills ? (4) Whether the assessees were not liable to pay tax on the turnover of the building materials supplied through the Development Board ?

( 3 ) TILL recently there was a sharp difference of opinion between the various High Courts on the main question covered by these references. Some of the High Courts had taken the view that even in works contracts or building contracts like those in question in these references the materials used could be held to have been sold and their value was on that account liable to be included in the turnover which was to be assessed. Other High Courts had taken a different view. Now the matter has been considered by the Supreme Court first in the case of The State of madras v. Gannon Dunkerley and Co. (Madras) Ltd. A. I. R. 1958 S. C. 560, and then in the case of Firm of Messrs Peare Lal Hari Singh v. State of Punjab A. I. R. 1958 S. C. 664. Though both these cases were decided with reference to the Sales Tax Acts of States other than Uttar Pradesh, the principles laid down by their Lordships of the Supreme Court appear to be applicable to the references in hand also. It was clearly laid down in these

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