( 1 ) THIS is a reference by the Sessions Judge of Ghazipur recommending that the conviction of the applicant for the offence under Section 228. P. C. , be quashed. On 25-3-1957 the applicant, who is the Secretary of the Revolutionary Socialist Party, Ghazipur, accompanied by about 500 persons staged a demonstration in the Collectorate of Ghazipur by continuously shouting slogans with loud voice in front of the court room of Sri U. N. Pande, Judicial Officer, when he was trying a case. The Judicial Officer was much disturbed by the shouts and instructed an official of the court to ask the mob to observe silence. In spite of the officials remonstration the applicant and his companions continued shouting loudly and causing interference with the trial of the case by the Judicial Officer. Thereupon a report was made to the police; the police arrived there and arrested the applicant. The police investigated the case and submitted a charge-sheet against the applicant, and five other persons who are applicants in the connected references on 11-4-1957, The charge-sheet was submitted in the court of the Judicial Officer himself but on his report the case was transferred to the court of another Magistrate. On 15-4-1957 the Judicial Officer himself made a complaint against the applicants of this reference and the connected references. Then the applicants were tried (separately) and all have been convicted under Section 228. P. C. By loudly shouting slogans in front of the court room of the Judicial Officer they intentionally caused interruption to him while sitting in a judicial proceeding. The natural and probable consequence of the shouts was to cause interruption to him and they continued shouting in spite of a warning by an official of the court. It is wholly irrelevant what the object of the applicants was in staging the demonstration; the object should not be confused with the intention to cause interruption. It is also immaterial that they wanted to lodge a protest to the District Magistrate, whose office is close to the court room of the Judicial Officer; it was not illegal to lodge a protest before the District Magistrate but they could not do so in a manner calculated to cause interference to the Judicial Officer. The act done by the applicants was intentional and when it had the effect of causing interruption to the Judicial Officer as they knew, it amounted to their causing intentional interruption to him.

( 2 ) NO court can take cognizance of an offence punishable under Section 228. P. C. , alleged to have been committed in relation to any proceeding in any court except on a complaint in writing of the court; vide Section 195 (1) (b) Cr. P. C. Here there was such a complaint by the Judicial officer and the court took cognizance of the offence on the com-plaint It does not matter in the least that prior to the complaint there was a police report for prosecution of the applicants under section 228. P. C. No cognizance could be taken on the police report. The applicants were tried after the complaint had been made against them by the Judicial Officer. All that was necessary for their conviction was that there should have been a complaint and when there was a complaint the convictions could not be set aside simply because the complaint was unnecessarily preceded by a police report.

( 3 ) SECTION 480 Cr. P. C. , lays down that when an offence punishable under Section 228. P. C. is committed in the view or presence of any criminal court the court may cause the offender to remain in custody and at any time before the rising of the court on the same day may, if it thinks fit, take cognizance at the offence and sentence him to a fine not exceeding Rs. 200/ -. If the court considers that the offender should be imprisoned or that a fine exceeding Rs. 200/- should be imposed upon him it can after recording the facts constituting the offence and the statement of the accused forward the case to a Magistrate having jurisdic