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1957 Supreme(All) 82

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
Desai and Beg, JJ.
KHAIRUL BASHAR - Appellant
Versus
THANNU LAL - Respondents
First Appeal 409 Of 1946
Decided On : 03/19/1957

Advocates Appeared:
BALESHVARI PRASAD, KEDAR NATH, N.D.Pant, O.N.MEHROTRA, RADHA KRISHAN, VISHWA MITRA

Article 36 of the Limitation Act applies to suits for compensation for malfeasance, misfeasance, or non-feasance, and the period of limitation for such suits is two years. The cause of action for such suits arises only after the defendant refuses to deliver the goods or their price.

Headnote:

LIMITATION ACT - ARTICLE 36 - APPLICABILITY - TRUST - SECTION 10 - INAPPLICABILITY - DEPOSITARY OR PAWNEE - ARTICLE 145 - INAPPLICABILITY - RECOVERY OF SPECIFIC MOVEABLE PROPERTY - ARTICLE 49 - INAPPLICABILITY - MONEY PAYABLE BY DEFENDANT TO PLAINTIFF - ARTICLE 62 - INAPPLICABILITY - MALFEASANCE, MISFEASANCE OR NON-FEASANCE - ARTICLE 36 - APPLICABILITY - PERIOD OF LIMITATION - TWO YEARS - CAUSE OF ACTION - REFUSAL TO DELIVER GOODS OR THEIR PRICE - LIMITATION STARTS FROM REFUSAL.

Fact of the Case:

Plaintiffs, a committee of creditors, filed a suit against the defendant, a firm, for the recovery of the price of goods entrusted to the defendant for sale on behalf of the creditors. The defendant claimed that the goods were entrusted to him by the debtor, not by the creditors, and that he had paid the proceeds of the sale to the debtor. The trial court found in favor of the plaintiffs and decreed the suit for the full amount claimed.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the goods were entrusted to the defendant by the creditors, not by the debtor, and that the defendant had failed to return the price of the goods or their value to the plaintiffs. The court also found that the suit was not barred by limitation, as the cause of action arose only after the defendant refused to deliver the goods or their price, which occurred within two years of the filing of the suit.

Issues: 1. Whether the goods were entrusted to the defendant by the creditors or by the debtor? 2. Whether the defendant had returned the price of the goods or their value to the plaintiffs? 3. Whether the suit was barred by limitation?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the probabilities of the case favored the plaintiffs' version that the goods were entrusted to the defendant by the creditors, not by the debtor. The court considered the documentary and oral evidence and found that the defendant's version was not credible. 2. The court held that the defendant had failed to return the price of the goods or their value to the plaintiffs. The court found that the defendant had admitted selling some of the goods and had produced receipts for payments made to some of the creditors, but that the total amount of these payments was less than the value of the goods entrusted to him. 3. The court held that the suit was not barred by limitation. The court considered various limitation articles and found that none of them applied to the present case. The court held that Article 36 of the Limitation Act, which applies to suits for compensation for malfeasance, misfeasance, or non-feasance, was applicable and that the period of limitation for such suits was two years. The court found that the cause of action for the suit arose only after the defendant refused to deliver the goods or their price, which occurred within two years of the filing of the suit.

Final Decision: The court dismissed the defendant's appeal and upheld the trial court's decree, with the modification that the amount of money decreed in favor of the committee was reduced from Rs. 20,764/14/- to Rs. 13,365-2-0.

BEG, J.

( 1 ) THIS is a first appeal by defendant No. 1 in the suit. The trial Court has passed a decree for Rs. 20,764/14/- with proportionate costs in favour of a Committee consisting of plaintiff No. 10 babu Prahlad Das, plaintiff No. 11 Babu Girdhar Das and defendant No. 2 Abut Latif against defendant No. 1 Kharul Bashar Proprietor of the firm Haji Abdullah Daniyal. It would appear that in Qasba Mau Nath Bhanjan, Pergana Mau, District Azamgarh, there is a firm named Sheo ram Baleshwar Prasad. The proprietor of this firm was one Sheo Ram. Sheo Ram is defendant no. 5 in the suit. His firm used to do business in yarn. In 1942, Sheo Ram became heavily indebted. According to the plaintiffs case, in August 1942 there was a rumour that Sheo Ram had become insolvent. On the 17th of August, 1942, he had closed his shop. This resulted in a rush of creditors who went to Sheo Ram, and insisted on payment of the debts due to them. Sheo Ram expressed his inability to pay the debts in cash. He, however, said that he had 44 bales of yarn and 900 tolas of silver which he entrusted to his creditors to enable them to convert the same into cash and distribute the proceeds among themselves. The creditors for whose benefit 44 bales of yarn and 900 totals of silver were handed over, are arrayed as plaintiffs Nos. 1 to 11 and defendants Nos. 6 to 12, Defendants 6 to 12 are styled as defendants-fifth party in the present case. Defendant No. 5 also executed a writing on the same date in favour of his creditors. This writing is Ext. 15. The creditors of defendant No. 5 collected together and appointed a Committee consisting of three persons, namely, plaintiff No. 10 Babu Prahlad Das, Plaintiff No. 11 Babu girdhar Das and defendant No. 2 Abdul Latif mentioned above to arrange for the distribution of the sale proceeds of the above property. For the purpose of negotiating the sale, Babu Prahlad das was appointed as the intermediary. The formal agreement incorporating the above arrangement was executed by the creditors on the 1st September, 1942. This agreement is Ext. 12. The goods were entrusted to defendant No. 1 by the creditors, as defendant No. 1 was a firm in whose respectability and integrity the creditors placed reliance and trust. The arrangement was that he would sell the goods on chits to be issued by Babu Prahlad Das, that he would keep the sale proceeds in deposit with him and that he would hand over the same for distribution to the creditors after the money was collected.


( 2 ) ACCORDING to the plaintiffs case, 22 bales of yarn were purchased by defendant No. 3, 1 bale by defendant No. 4, 2 bales by defendant No. 12, 2 bales by plaintiff No. 3 and 2 bales by plaintiff No. 10. The entire price of 29 bales of yarn sold to the said parties was about 9,364/14/which was kept by defendant No. 1 by way of deposit. As to the remaining 15 bales of yarn, the evidence of the plaintiffs is that that was also sold off by defendant No. 1. The value of 44 bales of yarn entrusted to defendant No. 1, according to the allegations in the plaint, was Rs. 19,764/14/- and the price of silver weighing 900 tolas was Rs. 1000/- thus the total price of the yarn and silver entrusted to defendant No. 1, according to the plaintiffs was Rs. 20,764/14/ -. The plaintiffs further claimed an amount of Rs. 5,607/- as interest. They, therefore, prayed for a decree of a total amount of Rs. 20,764/14/- plus Rs. 5,607/- i. e. , Rs. 26,371/14/- with pendente lite and future interest against defendant No. 1. In the alternative, they prayed for a decree of Rs. 9,364/14/-, the price of 29 bales of yarn sold by defendant No. 1, and recovery of silver weighing 900 totals and the remaining 15 bales of yarn of the same quality as was entrusted to defendant no. 1 by the creditors.

( 3 ) DEFENDANT No. 1 denied the plaintiffs claim, He set up a different version of the story. According to him, only thirty-eight and a half bales of yarn and some silver ornaments weighing 286 tolas were en






















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