( 1 ) THIS is an application under Article 226 of the Constitution for writs of certiorari quashing orders of the State industrial tribunal, Uttar Pradesh and the Labour Appellate Tribunal of India, third Bench, Lucknow, and a writ of mandamus directing the State industrial tribunal to re-hear the reference. The applicants are workmen of the Sun Publishers and, advertisers limited, opposite party 3, which has its registered office at Kanpur. on 10 September 1953, Sri S. P. Mehra, the managing director of opposite party 3, framed charges against some workmen including the applicants to the effect that on 9 September 1953, at 1. 30 p. m. they under the leadership of R. K. Tewari, applicant 2, Staged an illegal strike without giving previous notice and at 4 p. m. took forcible possession of the press, and called upon them to submit their explanations on 12 September 1953, by 10. 30 a. m. The charges were heard by the managing director of opposite party 3 on 12 September 1953. but none of the applicants appeared before him and none of them submitted any explanation. He recorded evidence of some witnesses in support of the charges and being satisfied from the evidence th