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1950 Supreme(All) 334

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
Kidwai, J.
KHUMANI - Appellant
Versus
SAKTEY LAL - Respondents
Second Appeal 833 Of 1947
Decided On : 10/27/1950

Advocates Appeared:
M.M.LAL, SURESH CHANDRA

Headnote:

CONTROL OF RENT AND EVICTION ACT - SECTION 3(A) - NOTICE OF DEMAND - TENANT'S FAILURE TO PAY RENT WITHIN ONE MONTH - LANDLORD'S RIGHT TO EVICT - NOTICE TERMINATING TENANCY - DISCRETION OF COURT UNDER SECTION 114, T. P. ACT - ACCEPTANCE OF RENT DURING APPEAL - WAIVER OF RIGHT OF EJECTMENT.

Fact of the Case:

The tenant, Khumani, occupied a house belonging to Saktey Lal on rent. Rent fell into arrears, and the landlord sent a notice of demand under Section 3(a) of the Control of Rent and Eviction Act, calling upon the tenant to pay the rent due within one month. The tenant failed to pay the full rent within the time allowed. The landlord then sent a notice terminating the tenancy and asking the tenant to vacate the house within 15 days. The tenant again remitted rent, but the landlord refused to accept it and filed a suit for arrears of rent and ejectment.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that the landlord was entitled to evict the tenant because the tenant had made a wilful default in the payment of rent within one month of the service of notice of demand upon him. The court also held that the notice terminating the tenancy was valid and that the court had not erred in refusing to exercise its discretion under Section 114, T. P. Act, in favor of the tenant. Finally, the court held that the landlord's acceptance of rent during the appeal did not constitute a waiver of his right to eject the tenant.

Issues: 1. Whether the landlord was entitled to evict the tenant after the tenant had failed to pay the rent within one month of the service of notice of demand. 2. Whether the notice terminating the tenancy was valid. 3. Whether the court had erred in refusing to exercise its discretion under Section 114, T. P. Act, in favor of the tenant. 4. Whether the landlord's acceptance of rent during the appeal constituted a waiver of his right to eject the tenant.

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the landlord was entitled to evict the tenant because the tenant had made a wilful default in the payment of rent within one month of the service of notice of demand upon him. The court relied on the provisions of Section 3(a) of the Control of Rent and Eviction Act, which provides that a landlord cannot evict a tenant unless, among other things, the tenant makes a wilful default in the payment of rent within one month of the service of notice of demand upon him. 2. The court held that the notice terminating the tenancy was valid because it allowed sufficient time for the tenant to vacate the house. The court noted that the notice was sent on 20th March 1947 and that it required the tenant to vacate the house by the 6th of April. The court held that this was a reasonable amount of time for the tenant to vacate the house. 3. The court held that the court had not erred in refusing to exercise its discretion under Section 114, T. P. Act, in favor of the tenant. The court noted that the tenant had been very irregular in payment of rent and that he had failed to pay the whole rent even after a regular notice of demand was served upon him. The court held that these were good reasons for the court to refuse to exercise its discretion in favor of the tenant. 4. The court held that the landlord's acceptance of rent during the appeal did not constitute a waiver of his right to eject the tenant. The court noted that the landlord had continued to prosecute the appeal and that he had not taken any steps to withdraw the suit. The court held that this showed that the landlord had not intended to waive his right to eject the tenant.

Final Decision: The court dismissed the tenant's appeal and vacated the stay order dated 17-8-1948.

KIDWAI, J.

( 1 ) KHUMANI appellant occupied a house belonging to Saktey Lal on rent. A sum of Rs. 3/4/- was the monthly rent reserved and the period of tenancy began from the 6th of every month. It appears that rent fell into arrears and on 16-1-1947, the plff. sent a notice as required by Section 3 (a), Control of Rent and Eviction Act, calling upon the tenant to pay the rent due within one month of the service upon him of the notice of demand. The rent stated in the notice was Rs. 19/8/-, being the rent due from the period commencing on 6-7 1946. In reply to this notice the tenant sent only a sum of Rs. 16/4/- which the landlord refused to accept. Subsequently, on 20-3-1947, the landlord sent a notice which has wrongly been described in the judgment of the lower appellate Court as a notice of demand but is in fact only a notice terminating the tenancy and asking the deft, to vacate the house within 15 days. After this notice had been sent, the tenant again remitted Rs. 22/4/- for the rent but this was also not accepted by the landlord, who then brought a suit on 14-4-1947, for arrears of rent amounting to Rs. 29/4/- and for ejectment.

( 2 ) THIS suit was contested but it was decreed by the trial Court. The appeal of the tenant was dismissed by the Civil Judge of Hardoi and the tenant has now come up in second appeal.

( 3 ) THE learned Advocate has contended firstly that before the date of the suit the amount covered by the notice of demand, dated the 16th of January, had been fully paid and therefore, the suit was not maintainable. This position is not correct. The general law permits the ejectment of a tenant after giving him 15 days notice terminable with the month of the tenancy. The Special Law, namely the Control of Event and Eviction Act restricts that right and provides that the landlord cannot evict a tenant unless, among other things, the tenant makes a wilful default in the payment of rent within one month of the service of notice of demand upon him. In the present case such a notice was issued and the tenant failed to make payment within the time allowed. Thereafter, the parties were relegated to the general law and according to the general law, the plff. landlord was entitled to evict after giving the requisite notice. This he proceeded to do and therefore, the suit was competent even though the deft, had thereafter tendered the whole amount of the rent due.

( 4 ) IT was then contended that the notice terminating the tenancy was invalid because it allowed time up to the 6th of April for the deft. to vacate the house. According to the contention of the appellant the tenancy should have been terminated with effect from the 5th of april. This plea was not taken in either of the Courts below and it is to be noticed that the actual words used by the person who sent the notice on 20. 8-1947 were that 15 days notice was being given and that the deft. should vacate the house by the 6th of April. Having regard to the entire contents of the notice it cannot be said that the notice was defective.

( 5 ) IT was then contended that the Court had discretion under Section 114, T. P. Act, not to evict a tenant. In the present ease the Court has not exercised that discretion in favour of the tenant. It had good cause for not doing so, because the tenant had been very irregular in payment of rent. Even though a regular notice of demand was served upon him, he failed to pay the whole rent. Similarly, when he was about to be sued, he sent some rent which was again not the whole rent. In these circumstances it cannot be said that the Courts below have not exercised a proper discretion in refusing to evict the tenant.

( 6 ) FINALLY it was contended that the landlord has accepted rent during the continuance of this appeal. By an order dated 17 8-1948 passed by this Court proceedings in execution were stayed. The landlord was entitled to receive compensation for use and occupation of the house during this period. He had received this mon



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