Allahbad High Court
G.D.SRIVASTAVA
Bhagwat Prasad - Appellant
Versus
Damodar Das - Respondent
Decided On : 02/10/1976
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882 - SECTION 11 - SALE OF LAND - CONDITION RESTRICTING ENJOYMENT OF PROPERTY SOLD - VALIDITY - ENFORCEABILITY BY ANOTHER TRANSFEREE.
Fact of the Case:
Plaintiff sued for demolition of constructions made by defendants on a strip of land in front of their house, in breach of a condition in the sale deed that no constructions would be made on the strip. The courts below dismissed the suit holding that the plaintiff had no cause of action.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the condition restricting the enjoyment of the property sold was valid as it was for the beneficial enjoyment of the other transferees and the transferor. However, the plaintiff, who was not a party to the contract between the transferor and the defendants, could not enforce the condition.
Issues: Whether the plaintiff had a right of suit to enforce a condition in a sale deed to which he was not a party.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that a contract will bind only the parties thereof and a third person cannot enforce any condition or term embodied in the contract. The exception to this rule is that the transferor has a right to enforce a condition imposed for the beneficial enjoyment of his other property. However, the transferee cannot enforce such a condition unless it has been expressly transferred to him.
Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed.
2. As already noted above, the only point which is involved in this appeal is whether the plaintiff has any right of suit in these circumstances. For the purposes of this appeal, it may be taken to be admitted that the disputed constructions have been made by respondents 1 and 2 in contravention of the condition mentioned in the sale deed. It does not appear to be disputed that when defendant No. 4 sold the various portions to different purchasers, it was expressly mentioned in the various sale deeds that the purchasers would not make any constructions on the open strip of land, which was to the north of these portions. Defendants 1 and 2 alone were given a right to make certain constructions towards the extreme end of this strip in the eastern portion. However it is admitted that defendants 1 and 2 have constructed a latrine and this is against the condition mentioned in the sale deed. The relevant question which arises for consideration is whether in these circumstances the plaintiff had got any right of suit or not.
3. Ordinarily speaking, if a property is absolutely transferred to another person, the transferor cannot impose any condition which might be inconsistent with the absolute right which has been created in favour of the transferee. This principle is embodied in the first part of Section 11 of the Transfer of Property Act. The learned counsel for the appellant, however, placed reliance on the second part of this Section which runs as follows:-
"Where any such direction has been made in respect of one piece of immovable property for the purpose of securing the beneficial enjoyment of another piece of such property, nothing in this section shall be deemed to affect any right which the transferor may have to enforce such direction or any remedy which he might have in respect of a breach thereof."
This part of section 11, therefore, provides for an exception to the general rule, namely, that it i
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