Allahbad High Court
GYANENDRAKUMAR
Jagannath Kapoor - Appellant
Versus
Premier Credit and Instalment Corporation (P) Ltd. - Respondent
Decided On : 02/11/1972
ARBITRATION - REFERENCE - JOINT REFERENCE BY PARTIES - NECESSITY - JURISDICTION OF ARBITRATOR - WAIVER, ESTOPPEL OR ACQUIESCENCE - EFFECT.
Fact of the Case:
The parties entered into a hire-purchase agreement containing an arbitration clause providing for the sole arbitration of disputes by a named arbitrator. Disputes arose, and the plaintiff company referred the matter to arbitration unilaterally. The defendants appeared before the arbitrator but later withdrew, challenging his jurisdiction. The arbitrator gave an ex parte award in favor of the plaintiff company. The defendants filed an application to set aside the award, which was rejected by the Civil Judge and upheld by the District Judge.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that a joint reference by both parties is necessary for the arbitrator to have jurisdiction. The mere appearance of the defendants before the arbitrator did not amount to waiver, estoppel, or acquiescence, as the issue of jurisdiction goes to the root of the matter and cannot be cured by consent.
Issues: 1. Whether a joint reference by both parties is necessary for the arbitrator to have jurisdiction? 2. Whether the defendants' appearance before the arbitrator amounted to waiver, estoppel, or acquiescence?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court relied on case law to establish that both parties must necessarily agree to the terms of reference to the arbitrator, failing which the arbitrator is not vested with the requisite jurisdiction to adjudicate the claim. 2. The court referred to precedents holding that the mere appearance of a party before an arbitrator does not operate as estoppel against challenging the arbitrator's jurisdiction, as it is a fundamental rule of law that consent cannot confer jurisdiction.
Final Decision: The court allowed the revision petition, set aside the judgments and decrees of the lower courts upholding the award, and directed the parties to make a joint reference to the arbitrator within one month, failing which either party could resort to the procedure laid down in Section 20 of the Arbitration Act.
ORDER :- This is a revision by the defendants against the judgment and decrees of the Courts below whereby they upheld the award dated 19-2-1965, with a modification relating to future interest.
2. The admitted or proved facts are that the parties entered into a hire-purchase agreement dated 14-11-1962 (paper No. Kha-11) in respect of new Dodge motor truck, 1962 model, owned by the plaintiff opposite parties. The hire-purchase agreement was for Rs. 27,612/-, which the defendants were to pay to the plaintiffs in 23 monthly instalments. Clauses 16 (b) and (c) of the agreement that be reproduced below with advantage :
"16. (b) All disputes, differences or claims arising out of and in connection with this agreement shall "be referred to the sole arbitration of Shri Mangal Sen Tandon. Chowk, Lucknow or his nominee or in event of their refusal Shri Ram Narain Mehrotra at Lucknow under the provision of the Indian Arbitration Act of 1940 or any statutory modifications thereof. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding on all the parties concerned. The arbitrator shall be bound to give his award within the provisions of this agreement. His terms of reference will be strictly governed by the terms of this agreement and the Arbitrator shall not question the validity of the same. The notices sent by the Arbitrator to parties by Registered post at the addresses mentioned in the Agreement will be considered as sufficient service on the parties, whether such notices are received by them or not or refused.
(c) It has been expressly explained to us that the said Arbitrator is usually appointed an arbitrator in the other hire-purchase cases accepted by the owners, and being their own man is likely to be interested in the owners, but in spite of this information supplied to us, we have willingly agreed to the nomination of the said arbitrator because the owners are agreeable to enter into this agreement on this condition only."
Disputes arose between the parties in respect of certain instalments as well as regarding the truck itself, which was ultimately returned by the defendants to the plaintiff Company on 10-10-1963. The Company resold the same on 5-6-64 on hire-purchase system to a third party for Rs. 26,000/-. On August 22,1964 the plaintiffs served a notice demanding Rs. 12,106.47P. from the defendants. On their failure to make any payment, the plaintiff Company on 13-10-64 referred their claim to the arbitrator, who, after giving notice to both the parties, fixed 14-11-64 for hearing of the case. However, on 14-11-64 the arbitrator found that the registered acknowledgment of one of the defendants had not been received back. So he fixed 3-12-64 for the next hearing. On 3-12-64 the defendants put in appearance and asked for another date whereupon the arbitrator fixed 10-12-1964 for the next hearing. On December 10, 1964, due to heavy rains, none of the parties could attend and at their instance the arbitrator adjourned the case to 7-1-1965. However, on 2-1-1965, the defendants filed their objections by post which were received by the arbitrator on January 4, 1965. On 7-1-1965 both the parties put in appearance but the arbitrator reached the place at 3-30 p.m. by which time the parties had left, after a long wait. So the arbitrator fixed 28-1-1965 at 3-30 p.m. for the next hearing of the case. On 20-1-1965 the defendants sent a letter intimating their withdrawal from arbitration, as they had no faith in the arbitrator. The arbitrator thereupon proposed to proceed ex parte, but informed the defendants by registered post of the next date of hearing, which was 18-2-1965. On 16-2-1965 the defendants sent yet another letter to the arbitrator reiterating their withdrawal from arbitration on the ground intimated earlier. On 19-2-1965 the arbitrator gave an ex parte written award, decreeing the plaintiffs' claim for Rs. 9,500/- with pendente lite and future interest. On 16-3-1965 the plaintiffs applied to the arbitrator to file hi
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