HIGH COURT OF ALLAHBAD
SANKAR SARAN, BIND BASNI PRASAD, KAUL, JJ.
Abdul Hamid
Versus
Asghari Begum
Respondent.Second Appeal No.1726 of 1945
Decided On : 03-11-1952
ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT - ORDER 21, RULE 57, CIVIL P.C. - SCOPE - ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT NOT COVERED - ATTACHMENT BEFORE JUDGMENT AND ATTACHMENT IN EXECUTION OF DECREE - DISTINCTION.
Fact of the Case:
The case involved a dispute over the execution of a decree. The decree-holder, Asghari Begum, had obtained an attachment before judgment under Order 38, Rule 6, Civil P.C. against the property of the judgment-debtors, Abdul Hamid and others. The attachment was made on the ground that the judgment-debtors intended to remove their property from the jurisdiction of the court to prevent or delay the execution of any decree that might be passed against them. The decree-holder later applied for execution of the decree and prayed for the sale of the attached property. However, the application was dismissed for default. The decree-holder then filed another application for execution, which was also dismissed. Subsequently, the decree-holder filed a third application for execution, repeating the prayer for the sale of the attached property. The judgment-debtors objected to the execution of the decree, arguing that the attachment before judgment had ceased to subsist due to the dismissal of the previous applications for execution under Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C. did not apply to attachments effected before judgment, but only to attachments effected in execution of a decree. The court reasoned that the expression "attachment in execution of a decree" had a definite and well-settled connotation, and that the purpose of an attachment before judgment was different from that of an attachment in execution of a decree. The court further held that there was no justification for penalizing a party who obtained an attachment before judgment for a default in the prosecution of an execution application made subsequently.
Issues: Whether Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C. applied to attachments effected before judgment.
Ratio Decidendi: The court interpreted Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C. strictly and held that it applied only to attachments effected in execution of a decree, and not to attachments effected before judgment. The court reasoned that the expression "attachment in execution of a decree" had a definite and well-settled connotation, and that the purpose of an attachment before judgment was different from that of an attachment in execution of a decree. The court also held that there was no justification for penalizing a party who obtained an attachment before judgment for a default in the prosecution of an execution application made subsequently.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the appeal and upheld the decision of the lower court, holding that Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C. did not apply to attachments effected before judgment.
KAUL, J. :- This second appeal originally came up for hearing before a Division Bench consisting of Wanchoo, and Bhargava, JJ., For reasons to be stated presently they referred it to a Full Bench.
2. The facts so far as they are material are as follows :
In a suit brought by one Mt. Asghari Begum against Abdul Hamid and others some property belonging to the defendants was attached before judgment under O.38, R.6, Civil P.C. The claim was ultimately "decreed and Asghari Begum put in an application for execution of her decree. She prayed that the property attached before judgment be sold for satisfaction of her debt. This application was dismissed for default. Thereupon Asghari Begum put in another application for execution which was also dismissed in 1935. The last application for execution was made by her on the 30th April 1938 and therein the prayer for sale of the property attached before judgment was repeated. In due course the decree was transferred for execution to the Collector under S.68, Civil P.C. At this stage the judgment-debtors preferred an objection to the execution of the decree under S.47, Civil P.C. It was contended on their behalf that, inasmuch as, the two previous applications for execution had been dismissed for default of the decree-holder, the attachment which was effected before judgment ceased to subsist in view of the provisions of Order 21, Rule 57, Civil P.C. In reply, the decree-holder relied on the decision of this Court in - Akhey Ram v. Basant Lal, 46 All 894 and contended that Order 21, Rule 57 did not apply to attachments effected before judgment. The objections were thrown but. Accordingly the judgment-debtor went in appeal before the Additional Civil Judge of Bulandshahr, but were unsuccessful. Hence this second appeal.
3. When the case came up for hearing before a Division Bench in this court, it was argued that the learned Judges who decided - Akhey Rams case, (46 All 894) had for the view taken by them relied on the decision of the Madras High Court in - Venkatasubbiah v. Venkata Seshaiya, 42 Mad 1 which was subsequently overruled by the Full Bench decision of the same court in - Meyappa Chettiar v. Chidambaram Chettiar, 47 Mad 483 (FB). It was further pointed out that there was a sharp cleavage of judicial opinion on this point. Our own Court and. the High Courts of Calcutta and Patna had taken one view, while the view taken in 47 Mad 483 (FB) was followed in Bombay, Sind And Nagpur. Thereupon the Division Bench referred this appeal to a Full Bench because (1) reliance in - Akhey Rams case was placed on the decision of Madras High Court in - Venkatasubbiahs case, 42 Mad 1 which was later overruled by a Full Bench decision of the same court; (2) there was difference of opinion among various High Courts on the true scope of Order 21, Rule 57 Civil P.C. and (3) the general importance of the question raised by the objectors.
4. It will be noticed that even at the time when the decision in - Akhey Rams case (46 All 894) was given there was no unanimity of judicial opinion on the question raised in the present case. But a Division Bench of this court (Sulaiman and Kanhaiya Lal, JJ.) on a consideration of the provisions of Order 21, Rule 57 Civil P.C. and of the various provisions contained in Order 38, Civil P.C. came to the conclusion that Order 21, Rule 57 did not apply to attachments effected before judgment, but that its operation was limited to attachments effected in execution of a decree. It is noteworthy that they came to this conclusion independently of the decisions of other Courts. It is true that having arrived at that conclusion on a consideration and careful examination of the provisions of the Code they further observed : "There are several cases in support of the view which we have taken", and then mentioned a number of cases including the case of - Venkatasubbiah, 42 Mad 1 which was later overruled by a Full Bench of the same court.
5. The decision in - Akhey Rams case (
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