ORDER : - These are three petitions under Art.226 of the Constitution, which may conveniently be disposed of by the same judgment, because the points that arise in them are common and relate to the same institution namely, the Vishwamitra Karyalaya (Press).

2. The petitioner in these petitions is the Vishwamitra Karyalaya (Press), Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kanpur. The press publishes a Hindi newspaper known as Vishwamitra at Kanpur. The press has been registered as a factory under the Factories Act and there is a licence for the premises No.965 Mahatma Gandhi Road. The respondents 2 to 14 of petitions Nos.970 and 971 of 1953, and 2 to 9 of petition No.987 of 1953, are the employees or were the employees of this Karyalaya.

Some of them were sub-editors, some compositors and one was a Daftari. There were certain disputes between the Karyalaya and respondents 2 to 14 of petition No.970 of 1953, which were referred for adjudication to some Industrial Tribunal, and the matter went up to, the Supreme Court.

After the decision by the Supreme Court, there were certain complaints that the management had not paid the wages of the respondents within tire period provided by law, and applications were

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