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IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
C.D. Parekh, J.
MANGAT RAM — Appellant
Vs.
MOTOR ACCIDENTS CLAIMS TRIBUNAL AND OTHERS — Respondent
Civil Miscellaneous Writ No. 4336 of 1968
Decided on : 14-10-1970

Advocates Appeared:
N. Lal, for the Appellant
A. Banerjee, for the Respondent

Headnote:

MOTOR VEHICLES ACT - SECTION 110F - JURISDICTION OF CIVIL COURT - BARRED - CLAIMS TRIBUNAL - EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION - ACCIDENT OCCURRING BEFORE CONSTITUTION OF TRIBUNAL - APPLICATION FOR COMPENSATION FILED AFTER CONSTITUTION OF TRIBUNAL - CIVIL COURT HAS NO JURISDICTION.

Fact of the Case:

An accident occurred on 26th October 1966, resulting in the death of Kishun Lal. His heirs filed a civil suit for compensation along with an application in forma pauperis, which was dismissed. They then filed an application before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal, which was constituted after the accident but before the application was filed. The Petitioner, the owner of the insured truck involved in the accident, challenged the jurisdiction of the Tribunal.

Finding of the Court:

The Court held that the Tribunal had jurisdiction to entertain the application and that the civil court had no jurisdiction to entertain the suit. The Court reasoned that Section 110F of the Motor Vehicles Act, which was introduced by the amendment of 1956, barred the jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain any question relating to any claim for compensation which may be adjudicated upon by the Claims Tribunal.

Issues: Whether the Tribunal had jurisdiction to entertain the application for compensation filed after its constitution, even though the accident occurred before its constitution.

Ratio Decidendi: The Court held that the right of action is different from the choice of forum. A person has only the right of prosecution or defense in the manner prescribed for the time being by or for the court in which he sues. If an act alters that mode of procedure, he has no other right than to proceed according to the altered mode. The jurisdiction of the civil court was specifically barred under Section 110F. The Tribunal was the only forum where the Respondents could agitate their claim on the date on which they sought the remedy.

Final Decision: The writ petition was dismissed.

ORDER :

1. This writ petition has been directed against the order of the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal, Annexure A to the writ petition.

2. The facts of the case are very simple. The Petitioner is the owner of a motor truck insured by opposite party No. 6. On 26th of October, 1966, this motor truck was being driven on Delhi Meerut route by the driver when an accident occurred and one Kishun Lal sustained injuries. Kishun Lal died the next day on account of the injuries sustained by him. The heirs of Kishun Lal Respondents Nos. 2 to 5 thereafter filed a civil suit claiming compensation of Rs. 45,000/- in forma pauperis. The suit was filed on 5th of January, 1967, and the application in forma pauperis filed along with the suit was disposed of on 25th of April 1967. The application was rejected. The Respondent, as it appears did not pay the court fee which was the necessary consequence of the rejection of the application in form a pauperis. For that reason, it is stated, the suit could not proceed further.

3. In March, 1967 a Claims Tribunal for the area to determine the claims arising under the Motor Vehicles Act was constituted and before this Tribunal on 20th November, 1967, opposite parties Nos. 2 to 5 preferred their claim by way of application to it. Along with the application the opposite parties also filed an application u/s 5 of the Indian Limitation Act, for condoning the delay in filing the application. The Tribunal condoned the delay and admitted the application for hearing. The Petitioner thereafter appears to have challenged the order of the Tribunal by way of appeal in this Court which appeal was dismissed on 13-11-1968 by Hon'ble Mr. Justice S.N. Dwivedi holding that the appeal was not competent. Thereafter the Petitioner has preferred this writ petition against the order of the Tribunal. This pstition was filed on December 11, 1968.

4. The only question that has been urged on behalf of the Petitioner is that the Tribunal had no jurisdiction in the matter and the Tribunal was in error in holding that it could entertain the claim in the instant case. To appreciate the point it is necessary to reproduce Sections 110(1) and 110A(2) and (3) and Section 110-F which are as follows:

110-(1). A State Govt, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute one or more Motor Accidents Claims Tribunals (hereinafter referred to as Claims Tribunals) for such area as may be specified in the notification for the purpose of adjudicating upon claims for compensation in respect of accidents involving the death of, or bodily injury to persons, arising out of the use of motor vehicles.

110-A(2). Every application under Sub-section (1) shall be made to the Claims Tribunal having jurisdiction over the area in which the accident occurred, and shall be in such form and shall contain such particulars as may be prescribed.

110-A(3). No application for compensation under this section shall be entertained unless it is made within sixty days of the occurrence of the accident:

Provided that the Claims Tribunal may entertain the application after the expiry of the said period of sixty days if it is satisfied that the Applicant was prevented by sufficient cause from making the application in time.

110-F. Where any Claims Tribunal has been constituted for any area, no Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any question relating to any claim for compensation which may be adjudicated upon by the Claims Tribunal for that area, and no injunction in respect of any action taken or to be taken by or before the Claims Tribunal in respect of the claim for compensation shall be granted by the Civil Court.

5. The argument of the learned Counsel for the Petitioner is that Section 110F of the Act which was introduced by the amendment of 1956 does not affect the right to file a suit in respect of a cause of action which had accrued before the constitution of the Accidents Claims Tribunal. The civil court has jurisdiction to entertain such a claim for

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