( 1 ) THESE two appeals by special leave have been heard together as they arise out of a single judgment of the Labour Appellate tribunal of India, Lucknow, dated 30/09/1953, passed in seven appeals before it. As the question for consideration in the appeals before this court is the same, this judgment will govern both the appeals before us. Civil Appeal Nos. 14 and 15 of 1955 arise out of Appeal Nos. 111-198 of 1953 and 111-321 of 1953 respectively before the Labour Appellate tribunal.

( 2 ) THE question for consideration before the Labour Appellate tribunal was whether the awards from which the seven appeals had been filed before that tribunal were valid in law and made with jurisdiction. It is this very question which arises in the appeals before us.

( 3 ) BEFORE dealing with the question raised in these appeals it is necessary to state certain facts. On 15/03/1951, the governor of Uttar Pradesh made a, General Order consisting of numerous clauses under powers conferred on him by cls. (b), (c), (d) and (g) of s. 3 and s. 8 of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (Act XXVIII of 1947), hereinafter referred to as the Act, in supersession of the general Order No.