( 1 ) THESE are two appeals by special leave. Pt. Nohiria Ram is the appellant in both appeals. He had also filed a petition (petition No. 397, of 1955) under Art. 32 of the Constitution in which he had prayed for the issue of an appropriate writ to the Union of India, respondent 1, and the Director General of Health Services, New Delhi, respondent 2, directing them to forbear from giving effect to an order of dismissal passed by respondent 2 against the petitioner on 3/10/1955. That petition was, however, dismissed, as withdrawn. Therefore, the present judgment is confined to the two appeals, and the relevant facts relating thereto are stated below.

( 2 ) FORMERLY, the appellant held a permanent appointment as a civilian clerk in the office of the Royal Air force, No. 3 (Indian) Wing, Quetta. On 17/03/1928, he applied for the post of a clerk in the office of the Director General, Indian Medical Service, New Delhi (now known as the Director. General Health Services, New Delhi.) The appellant succeeded in his application and on 28/03/1928, he was told that there was a vacancy in the office of the Director General in the grade of Rs. 75-4-155,. It was further stated tha