High Court Of Madhya Pradesh
P. K. Tare, J.
SUGGA BAI - Appellant
Versus
HIRALAL - Respondents
Second Appeal 533 Of 1962
Decided On : 09/14/1966
Section 8 of the Act does not apply to the joint interest of a minor in a family property which the Manager is competent to dispose of under the general provisions of the Hindu Law, namely, for the benefit of the minor or for family need, etc. [ Para
(2) Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order, 1949 (C.P. & Berar) Cl. 13-determination of tenancy or filing of eviction suit -no defect or untenability-landlord only liable for prosecution under Clause 13 for the breach.
It is competent to the landlord to file a suit or to determine the tenancy without the permission of the Rent Controller. Such determination was not rendered void or the suit did not become untenable. However, the landlord rendered himself liable for a prosecution for contravention of Clause 13 of the Order. 1960 JLJ 892 relied on. [Para 7
(3) Accommodation Control Act, 1955 (M. P.) - S.4 (f)-Transfer of Property Act, 1882-section 111 (g)- -second part (if section 111 (g) coming into conflict with section 4 (f) stands abrogated-decree for eviction only on one of the grounds under section 4 (f) of Accommodation Control Act.
(4) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 - section III (g) - Accommodation Control Act, 1955 (M.P.) - section 4 (f)-conflict between the provision effect.
Provisions of the Transfer of Property Act which come into conflict with the provision of the Accommodation Control Act would not be operative. Therefore, to the extent that the second clause of section 111 (g) of the Act comes into conflict with section 4 (f) of the Accommodation Control Act, it will stand abrogated and it is only section 4 (f) which will be available to the party. No decree could be passed unless one of the grounds under section 4 of the M. P. Accommodation Control Act, was made out. [Para 8
(5) Accommodation Control Act, 1955 (M.P.) - S.4 (f )-Transfer of Property Act, 1882- S.111 (g) -Evidence Act, 1872- S.116 -denial of title-forfeiture-denial to the extent of permissible limits-no forfeiture-where denial within limits-denial must be unequivocal -nature and extent of estoppel.
(6) Evidence Act, 1872 - S.116-estoppel against a tenant-nature and extent of.
(7) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 - S.III (g) - forfeiture of tenancy on denial of title.
By virtue of section 116 of the Evidence Act, a tenant is estopped from denying the title of his landlord at the time the lease is given. That only provides for a restricted kind of estoppel. There may be other kinds of estoppel which might operate and which have been applied by the Indian Courts on principles of equity justice and good conscience.
A tenant cannot deny the title of the original lessor nor can he be permitted to deny the derivative title of a reversioner, if be bas attoroed to him but he can deny the derivative title of the reversionary if he has not attorned or paid any rent. The denial, however must be unequivocal. There are the permissible limits of denial. To these limits the estoppel will not be applied. Therefore, if, a tenant denies the title of his landlord outside the permissible limits, he should forfeit his tenancy but not if the denial is within permissible limits. AIR 1937 PC 251; AIR 1926 Cal. 1205 & ILR 35 All. 145, relied on. AIR 1953 All. 797; (1861) 142 ER 664 and (841) 173 ER 1047 referred to. [Paras 9,10 and 13
( 1 ) THIS is an appeal by the plaintiff-landlords, against the decree dated 22-9-1962, passed by the IInd Additional District Judge, Jabalpur, in Civil Appeal No. 69-A of 1960, re-numbered as Civil Appeal No. 73-A of 1961, affirming the decree dated 18-10-1960, passed by the Ist Civil Judge IInd Class, Jabalpur, in Civil Suit No. 28-A of 1960.
( 2 ) THE appellants purchased the suit house from Shyam Krishna and others. Out of the vendors one Amitabh was a minor. The family of the vendors is indisputably governed by the Dayabhaga School of Hindu Law. The sale deed Ex. F/13 was executed on 30-5-1958, wherein although the minor's father was a party to the sale, the minor was represented through his next friend the mother. After the appellants purchased the house, they served a notice of attornment dated 20-61958 (Ex. P/1) on Hiralal, the predecessor of the present respondents, who was a tenant of the vendors. A similar notice of the same date Ex. P/3 was served by the vendors as well. But in reply to that notice, the tenants as per the communication dated 24-6-1958 (Ex. P/7), asserted that as one of the vendors was a minor, the vendors should prove their title and he refused to recognise the vendees as his landlords. Consequent on that, the appellants exercised their option for forfeiture of the tenancy and gave a notice, dated 8-8-1958 (Ex. P/2), forfeiting the tenancy. In that notice the tenant was required to vacate within 24 hours of the receipt of notice. Therefore, the present suit for eviction and for damages for use and occupation and subsequent damages, was filed on 13-8-1958.
( 3 ) AT the time the suit was filed, the C. P. and Berar Letting of Houses and Rent control Order, 1949 was in force. The Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control act, 1955 was applied to this region with effect from 1-1-1959. At the time the suit was filed, it was necessary to obtain the permission of the Rent Controller to determine the tenancy, as required by Clause 13 of the C. P. and Berar Letting of houses and Rent Control Order, 1949. But the present suit was filed without obtaining any such permission.
( 4 ) THE tenant's defence was that the sale in favour of the plaintiffs was void, as one of the vendors was a minor and the permission of the District Judge had not been obtained. Therefore, according to him, the plaintiffs did not become his landlords and, therefore, they could not sue either for eviction or for claiming arrears of rent.
( 5 ) THE learned Judge of the trial court dismissed the suit mainly on the ground that no permission of the Rent Controller had been obtained and, therefore, the suit itself was not tenable. On the other hand, the learned appellate Judge expressed the opinion that Section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 was attracted, and for want of permission of the District Judge for the said sale, title did not vest in the plaintiffs and consequently, they could not become landlords of the defendant. In that view the trial Court's decree, dismissing the suit, was upheld.
( 6 ) IN the present appeal it is urged by the learned counsel for the appellants that section 8 of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 is not at all attracted with reference to the joint interest of a minor in the joint family property. Therefore, no permission of the District Judge was necessary, as the property was not the exclusive property of the minor. So far as this contention is concerned, I am in agreement with the suggestion of the learned counsel for the appellants. Section 8 of the Act does not apply to the joint interest of a minor in a family property which the manager is competent to dispose of under the general provisions of the Hindu Law, namely, for the benefit of the minor or for family need etc. Thus, there can be no doubt that the learned Appellate Judge was wrong in holding that the plaintiffs did not become the landlords for want of permission of the District Judge under Section 8 of the
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.