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1980 Supreme(MP) 300

High Court Of Madhya Pradesh
G. P. Singh, C. J. and B. C. Varma, J.
BANWARILAL - Appellant
Versus
EDWIN BHAGIRATHI - Respondents
First Appeal 224 Of 1977
Decided On : 09/25/1980

Advocates Appeared:
B.P.AGRAWAL, L.C.GUPTA, R.K.Pandey, Y.S.DHARMADHIKARI

Headnote:(1) Evidence Act, 1872 -S. 114 - witness not plaintiff-not summoned to produce any document-non-production of a document by such witness cannot give rise to adverse inference. [Para 6]

       (2) Trusts Act, 1882-S. 3 - trust-how created-matters to be seen-charitable purpose.

       To know that a 'trust' is created, the author of the trust has to be ascertained. Further his intention to create a trust must be indicated by words or acts with reasonable certainty. The purpose of the trust, the trust property and the beneficiaries most be indicated in such a way that the trust could be administered by the Court if the occasion arise. AIR 1935 PC 97 relied on. [Para 7]

       The activity to advance education and to relieve poverty is charitable the activities carried for propagating a particular faith imparting education, free medical aid and the like are both religious and charitable. AIR 1962 SC 1589 relied on.

       Where subscriptions are paid to the committee of some persons chosen by the subscribers from amongst them for purpose of fulfilling a specific and well-defined purpose, a complete trust is created to apply funds in carrying out the object mentioned. [Para 8]

       (3) Trusts Act, 1882-S. 3 -trust property- transfer of-power cannot be delegated without consent of the Board of trustees.

       (4) Trust-property of trust-alienation.

       A trustee as such no doubt is legal owner of the property, the beneficial ownership vesting in cestuis que trust. Nevertheless he is not the full owner of the property in the real sense of the term, of cause there is a beneficial interest and the ownership therein is carved out in the property. The legal ownership which rests in the trustee is for the purposes of the trust and the administration of the provisions of the trust. It is only for the provident administration of a particular charity that the trustees have the power to sell the trust properties. Much will depend upon the provisions in the constitution governing a particular trust. In any case the confidence so reposed in the trustee or the Board of trustees and the fiduciary duties so imposed cannot be made the object of delegation. The concurrence of all the trustees is in general necessary in a transaction affecting trust property and in order to bind the trust estate, the act must be the act of all. The trustees constitute one body in the eye of law and must act together.

       Even where absolute power is conferred on the Board of Trustees to effect sale of Trust Property, when discretionary power is not exercised reasonably and in good faith, such power may be controlled by the Court. [Para 10]

       

B. C. VARMA, J.

( 1 ) THIS appeal is by the plaintiff whose suit for possession and mesne profits of a bungalow known as Ashley bungalow and appurtenant plot situate in Bilaspur has been dismissed.

( 2 ) SOMETIME in the year 1912 in U. S. A. , two bodies by names Christian Women board of Mission, America, and Foreign Christian Missionary Society, America, were formed. These two bodies were amalgamated to form a Society by name united Christian Missionary Society, America (U. C. M. S. (U. S. A.)), in the year 1920. At the same time in India operated two associations bearing like names, that is, Christian Women Board of Mission, India, and Foreign Christian missionary Society, India. These two bodies in India joined together to form indian Mission Disciples of Christ (I. M. D. C. ). The evangelistic part of the i. M. D. C. was carved out as a separate society known as Convention of churches of Disciples of Christ (C. C. D. C. ). This body was registered as a society in India under the Indian Societies Registration Act in 1942. In the year 1943, the United Christian Missionary Society in India was registered as a society. This body was popularly known as U. C. M. S. (India ). It was dissolved in the year 1968. In the year 1962, the India Church Council of Disciples of Christ (I. C. C. D. C.) was registered as a Society and in the year 1971 another institution bearing the name Service Association of Christian Church Disciples was registered as a Company. This I. C. C,d. C. was the defendant in the suit and is respondent No. 2 here. The other defendant in the suit (respondent No. 1) is edwin Bhagirathi who was sued as Secretary of the I. C. C. D. C.

( 3 ) THE appellant-plaintiff by a registered sale deed, dated 17-9-1971 (Ext. P-1), purchased the Ashley bungalow and the appurtenant land. The sale deed is executed by Shri F. C. Zonathan as agent of the U. C. M. S. (U. S. A.) on the strength of a power of attorney, dated 1-12-1976 (Ex. P-10a ). At the time of the purchase, the defendants were in possession of the suit property and the plaintiff-appellant could not get its possession. He, therefore, brought the suit for possession and also claimed mesne profits. The defence was twofold, namely, that the property never belonged to U. C. M. S. (U. S. A.) and, therefore, the sale deed Ex. P-l conveyed no right, title or interest in the suit property to the appellant and that in any case Shri F. C. Zonathan did not have the requisite power or authority to execute the sale deed on behalf of U. C. M. S. (U. S. A. ). For these reasons, it was urged by the defendants that despite the sale deed, the appellant has acquired no title to the suit property and should, therefore, be non-suited. This defence prevail-ed with the lower Court which has found that the plaintiff could not prove that the property in suit belonged to u. C. M. S. (U. S. A.) and that Shri F. C. Zonathan was not clothed with due authority to transfer the property on behalf of U. C. M. S, (U. S. A. ).

( 4 ) THE appellant's success in this appeal depends upon affirmative answers to the two questions namely, (i) whether the property in suit was owned by u. C. M. S. (U. S. A.) on the date of transfer in appellant's favour on 17-9-1971 and (ii) whether Shri F. C. Zonathan held a due power of attorney to transfer title on behalf of the U. C. M. S. (U. S. A. ). The answer to the first question depends upon the appreciation of evidence adduced by the parties. The appellant's plea in this behalf is that the land is nazul and bears Sheet No. 4 of nazul Plot No. 85/1. The suit bungalow was erected out of the funds advanced by the appellant's vendor in whose name the land was recorded in the relevant nazul papers. The lease of the plot was renewed in favour of U. C. M. S. (U. S. A. ). The U. C. M. S. (India) was in occupation of the suit property as a licensee of the appellant's predecessor. According to the appellant, neither the U. C. M. S. (India)nor any of the defendant-respondents ev



























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