Entering appearance in response to summons under Rule 2 of Order 37, Code of Civil Procedure does not amount to taking steps in the proceedings, and therefore does not constitute a waiver of the right to arbitration.

( 1 ) RESPONDENT/plaintiff sued the appellant/defendant for recovery of an amount of Rs. 10,000/ -. The summary procedure under Section 37, Code of Civil Procedure, was adopted for the trial of that suit. On 4-8-1978, the trial Court directed summons to be issued to the defendant in Form IV in Appendix B, Code of Civil Procedure. On 24-10-1978, the trial court held that the appellant was duly summoned and did not appear and, therefore, he was proceeded ex parte. On 15-11-1978, an ex parte decree was passed. It appears that thereafter the appellant applied fur setting aside the ex parte decree. That application was allowed and the ex parte decree was set aside. This was in Miscellaneous Civil Case No. 11 of 1979. On the ex parte decree being set aside, the civil suit was again taken on its original number and on 28-7-1979, the counsel for the appellant filed registered address. The Court again directed notice in Form IV, Appendix-B, Code of Civil Procedure, to be served upon the appellant. On 28-9-1979, the respondent's counsel wanted time to file affidavit. Meanwhile the respondent came to this Court questioning the propriety of the trial Court's order setting aside the ex parte decree. That attempt failed. Then on 7-8-1981 process fee was directed to be paid for service of summons in Form IV-A in Appendix-B, Code of Civil Procedure, in terms of sub-rule (4) of Rule 3 of Order 37. Then on 13-3-1981, the appellant filed an application under Section 34 of the Arbitration Act for stay of the suit contending that the parties had agreed to settle their disputes including the claim in suit through arbitration. The application was opposed and by the impugned order has been rejected. The learned lower Court is of opinion that the appellant had taken steps in the proceedings in suit in filing the registered address and in claiming indulgence by getting ex parte decree set aside. For this the lower Court is of opinion that the appellant is not entitled to invoke the provisions of Section 34, Arbitration Act.

( 2 ) A party claiming stay of the suit in terms of Section 34 of the Arbitration Act has to take that step "at any time before filing a written statement or taking any other steps in the proceedings" and should also be ready and willing to do all things necessary to the proper conduct of the arbitration at the time when the proceedings were commenced and continues to be so ready and willing also at the time when he makes an application under Section 34. Taking part in the proceedings or filing the written statement by the party would indicate an intention on its part to waive the benefit of the arbitration agreement. The other steps taken in the proceedings should, therefore, be such as may tantamount to abandonment of those known rights by that party to the arbitration agreement. As pointed out in Food Corporation of India v. Yadav Engineer, AIR 1982 SC 1302, abandonment of a right to seek resolution of dispute as provided in the arbitration agreement must be clearly manifested by the step taken by such party. Once such unequivocal intention is declared of abandonment of the right to claim the benefit of the agreement becomes manifest from the conduct, such party would then not be entitled to enforce the arbitration agreement because there is thus a breach of the agreement by both the parties disentitling both to claim any benefit of the arbitration agreement. The waiver of the right is thus of the essence. The party filing the suit or initiating other legal proceedings apparently commits that breach when instead of resorting to the arbitration agreement, it proceeds to get the matter adjudicated by a suit or other proceedings. Likewise, the other party may also do so either by filing the written statement or by taking other steps in the proceedings. What steps may amount to waiver of the right will depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. In State of Uttar Pradesh v. Janki Saran Kailash Chandra, AIR 1