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1997 (2) JLJ 172
S.K. Dubey and Miss Usha Shukla, JJ.
Mohd. Sadik v. Smt. Sahida Bi and others
Misc. Appeal No. 616 of 1995; on reference by Honble Justice D.P.S. Chouhan; Decided on 7.8.1996.
From a bare look at the definition of ‘Order‘ in sub-section (14) of section 2 of the Code, it is evident that order means a formal expression, in the nature of any decision of a civil Court which is not a decree as defined in sub-section (2) of section 2 of the Code. The expression ‘Order‘ is used in contradistinction to decree and as such is distinguished from ‘judgment‘. The essence of distinction between ‘Decree‘ and ‘Order‘ is of the nature of the decision as the words "formal expression of an adjudication" appear in both the definitions. Against a decree an appeal lies under section 96 and also a second appeal lies as provided under section 100 of the Code. Whereas an ‘Order‘ as defined under section 2 (14) of the Code, an adjudication is not generally appealable except in cases specified in section 104 and Order 43 Rule 1 of the Code, which is evident from the opening words in sub-section (l) of section 104 of the Code. AIR 1974 SC 1126 followed. [Para 3]
(2) Civil P.C., 1908 -- O. 43 R.1 (r), O.39 Rr. 1 and 2, S. 2 (14) -- appeal under O.43 R. 1 (r) -- lies when an order is passed under O.39 Rr. 1 and 2 d`refusal or grant of injunction is immaterial.
In clause (r) of Rule 1 of Order 43, the words used are ‘an order under Rule 1, Rule 2, Rule 2A, Rule 4 or Rule 10 of Order XXXIX‘. The words used do not specify the nature of the order, that is, whether of grant or us refusal of an injunction on an application under Order 39, rule 1 and 2 as the nature and category of the order has been specified in other clauses of Rule 1 of Order 43 of the Code. Therefore, the expression ‘Order‘ has to be understood in the meaning as assigned in section 2 (14) of the Code, which necessarily means the formal expression of any decision by a civil Court which is not a decree. [Para 5]
(3) Interpretation of Statutes -- Court should lean in favour of an interpretation which expands rather than shrinks a remedial right -- remedial provision of law is generally construed liberally. [Para 5]
(4) Civil P.C., 1908 -- O.39 Rr. 1 and 2 and O.43 R. 1 -- order of dismissal of application for temporary injunction -- is appealable under O. 43 R. 1. AIR 1969 SC 938 followed. [Para 6]
(5) Civil P.C., 1908 -. O. 43 R. 1- order refusing appointment of receiver or grant of injunction n is a judgment -- letters patent appeal is maintainable.
AIR 1981 SC 1786 followed. [Para 7]
(6) Letters Patent -- Cl. 10 -- order refusing grant of temporary injunction or appointment of receiver -- is a judgment n appeal is maintainable. AIR 1981 SC 1786 followed. [Para 7]
(7) Letters Patent -- Cl. 10 -- order appointing receiver or granting or refusing temporary injunction -- appeal lies if such an order is passed in original proceedings -- if passed in appeal under O. 43 R. 1 no further appeal lies. 1987 JLJ 377 (DB) relied on. [Para 8]
(8) Civil P.C., 1908 -- O. 39 Rr. 1 and 2 and O.43 R. 1 (r) -- appeal under O.43 Rr. 1 & 2 nlies whether temporary injunction has been granted or refused. AIR 1982 MP 14 and AIR 1982 Sikkim 20 relied on. [Paras 9 & 10]
(9) Constitution of India -- Art. 141 -- decision of Supreme Court on point of law n is binding even if factual feild is dissimilar. [Para 11]
¼1½ flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 && vk- 43 fu-1] vk- 39 fu-1 rFkk 2] /kkjk 2¼14½ rFkk 104 && *vkns‘k*] fMØh ds oS"kE; esa iz;qDr gS && lg fu.kZ; ls lqfHké gS && vkns‘k dk U;k;fu.kZ;u vihyuh; gS && tSlkfd vk- 43 fu-1 ds lkFk ifBr /kkjk 104 d v/khu micaf/kr gSA lafgrk dh /kkjk 2 dh mi/kkjk ¼14½ esa *vkns‘k* dh ifjHkk"kk dks ek= ns[kus ls lqO;Dr gS fd vkns‘k ls flfoy U;k;ky; ds fdlh fofu‘p; ds Lo:i esa] iz:fid vfHkO;fDr vfHkizsr gS tks fMØh ugha gS tSlh lafgrk dh /kkjk 2 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ esa ifjHkkf"kr gSA vfHkO;fDr *vkns‘k* fMØh ds oS"kE; eas iz;qDr gS rFkk bl izdkj *fu.kZ;* ls lqfHké gSA *fMØh* rFkk *vkns‘k* dh fHkérk dk lkj fofu‘p; ds Lo:i dk gS D;ksafd ‘‘kCn *U;k;fu.kZ;u dh iz:fid vfHkO;fDr** nksuksa ifjHkk"kkvksa esa vkrs gSA fMØh ds fo#) /kkjk 96 ds v/khu vihy gksxh rFkk f}rh; vihy Hkh gksxh tSlkfd lafgrk dh /kkjk 100 dsv/khu micaf/kr gSA tcfd lafgrk dh /kkjk 2¼14½ ds v/khu ;FkkifjHkkf"kr *vkns‘k*] lk/kkj.kr% U;k;fu.kZ;u vihyuh; ugha gS flok; bu ekeyksa esa tks lafgrk dh /kkjk 104 rFkk vkns‘k 43 fu;e 1 eas fofufnZ"V gS] tks fd lafgrk dh /kkjk 104 dh mi/kkjkk ¼1½ dsa izkjafHkd ‘‘kCnksa ls lqO;Dr gSA , vkb vkj 1974 ,l lh 1126 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 3À ¼2½ flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 && vk- 43 fu-1] vk- 39 fu-1 rFkk 2] /kkjk 2¼14½ && vk- 43 fu-1 ¼n½s ds v/khu vihy && gksxh tc vkns‘k vk- 39 fu- 1 rFkk 2 ds v/khu ikfjr fd;k x;k gks && O;kns‘k dh ukeatwjh ;k eatwjh rRoghu gSA vkns‘k 43 ds fu;e 1 ds [kaM ¼n½ esa i;qDr ‘‘kCn gS *vkns‘k* 39 ds fu;e 1 rFkk 2] fu;e 2d] fu;e 4 vFkok fu;e 10 ds v/khu vkns‘kA *iz;qDr ‘‘kCnksa esa vkns‘k dk Lo:i fofufnZ"V ugha gS] pkgs og vkns‘k] vk-39 fu- 1 rFkk 2 ds v/khu vkosnu ij O;kns‘k dh lds eatwjh vFkok ukeatwjh dk gks] D;ksafd vkns‘k dk Lo:i rFkk mldh dksfV lafgrk ds vkns‘k 43 ds fu;e 1 ds vU; [kaMksa eas fofufnZ"V gS vr% vfHkO;fDr *vkns‘k* dks lafgrk dh /kkjk 2¼14½ esa fn, x, vFkZ easa le>uk gksxk] ftllsa vko‘;dr% flfoy U;k;ky; ds fdlh fofu‘p; dh iz:fid vfHkO;fDr vfHkizsr gS tks fMØh ugha gSA ¿ iSjk 5À ¼3½ fof/k dk fuoZpu && U;k;ky; dk ,sls fuoZpu ds i{k esa >qdko gksuk pkfg, ftlls mipkjh vf/kdkj ?kVus dk vis{kk foLrkfjr gksrk gks && fof/k ds mipkjh mica/k dk vFkkZUo;u lk/kkj.kr% mnkjrk ls fd;k tkrk gSA ¿ iSjk 5À ¼4½ flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 && vk- 39 fu- 1 rFkk 2 rFkk vk- 43 fu- 1 && vLFkk;h O;kns‘k ds vkosnu dh ukeatwjh dk vkns‘k && vk- 43 fu- 1 ds v/khu vihyuh; gSA , vkb vkj 1969 ,l lh 938 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 6À ¼5½ flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 && vk- 43 fu- 1 && fjlhoj dh fu;qfDr vFkok O;kns‘k ukeatwj djus okyk vkns‘k && fu.kZ; gS && ysVlZ isVsaV ij vihy ykbZ tk ldrh gSA , vkb vkj 1981 ,l lh 1786 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 7À ¼6½ ysVlZ isVasV && [kaM 10 && vLFkk;h O;kns‘k vFkok fjlhoj dh fu;qfDr ukeatwj djus okyk vkns‘k && fu.kZ; gS vihy ykbZ tk ldrh gSA , vkb vkj 1981 ,l lh 1786 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 7À ¼7½ ysVlZ isVasV && [kaM 10 && fjlhoj dh fu;qfDr djus okyk vFkok vLFkk;h O;kns‘k eatwj ;k ukeatwj djus okyk vkns‘k && vihy gksxh ;fn ,slk vkns‘k ewy dk;Zokgh esa ikfjr fd;k x;k gS && ;fn vk- 43 fu-1 ds v/khu vihy esa ikfjr fd;k x;k gS rc dksbZ vfrfjDr vihy ugha gksxhA 1987 ts ,y ts 377 ¼[kaM U;k;ihB½ voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 8À ¼8½ flfoy izfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 && vk- 39 fu- 1 rFkk 2 rFkk vk- 43 fu- 1 ¼n½ && vk- 43 fu- 1 rFkk 2 d v/khu vihy && vLFkk;h O;kns‘k eatwj gqvk gS vFkok ukeatwj] vihy gksxhA , vkb vkj 1982 e-iz- 14 rFkk , vkb vkj 1982 flfôe 20 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 8 rFkk 10À ¼9½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku && vuq- 141 && fof/k ds iz‘u ij mPpre U;k;ky; dk fofu‘p; && rF;kRed {ks= vleku Hkh gks rc Hkh ck/;dj gSA ¿ iSjk 11À
Dubey J. –
1. Aforesaid five appeals under Order 43, Rule 1 (r) of the Code of Civil Procedure (for short 'the Code') arise out of the order of refusing to grant temporary injunction on the applications under Order 39, Rule 1 and 2 of the Code which came up for hearing before D.P.S. Chauhan, J., wherein a question cropped up as to whether' 'the order which is not the order of grant of injunction under the provisions of Order 39, Rule 1 and 2 of the Code is appealable order as provided under Order 43, Rule 1 (r) of the Code." D.P.S. Chauhan, J. after referring to the definition of 'Order' in section 2 (14) and, section 104, Order 43, Rule 1, observed that Order 43, Rule 1 provides categories of orders which have been made appealable under Order 43, Rule 1 (r) of the Code and other category or nature of order not provided thereunder or such order made appealable under the provisions of law have not been made appealable. Then it was observed that Order 43, Rule 1 has provided three categories of appealable orders-(i) where the order refusing the relief is made appealable; and (ii) the order of grant of relief is made appealable; and (iii) the order where refusal or grant of relief is made appealable. Hence, from the language of Order 43, Rule 1 (r) the intention of Legislature is apparent that if-an order of grant of injunction is passed on an application under Order 39, Rule 1 and 2, then, an appeal lies under Order 43, Rule 1 (r) while an order of refusal to grant an injunction on an application under
Order 39, Rule 1 and 2 no appeal would lie under Order 43, Rule 1 (r). However, the matter was of general importance, therefore, D.P.S. Chauhan, J. vide common order dated 23.3.1996 referred the matter to Hon'ble the Chief Justice to Constitute a Bench of two Judges for deciding the following question.
"As to whether the order which is not the order of grant of an injunction under the provisions of Order 39, Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure is an appealable order as provided under Order 43 Rule 1 (r) of the Code of Civil Procedure?"
2. To deal with the question it would be appropriate to reproduce the definition of "Order" under Clause 14 of section 2, section 104, and Order 43, Rule 1 of the Code-
"2. (14) -- 'Order' means the formal expression of any decision of civil Court which is not a decree." "Section 104. Orders from which appeal lies -- (1) An appeal shall lie from the following orders, and save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this Code or by any law for the time being in force, from no other orders :--
xxx xxx xxx
(ff) an order under section 35A;
(ffa) an order under section 91 or section 92 refusing leave to institute a suit of the nature referred to in section 91 or section 92 as the case may be;
(g) an order under section 95;
(h) an order under any of the provisions of this Code imposing a fine or directing the arrest or detention in the civil prison of any person except where such arrest or detention is in execution of a decree;
(i) any order made under rules from which an appeal is expressly allowed by rules;
Provided that no appeal shall lie against any order specified in clause
(ff) save on the ground that no order, or an order for the payment of a less amount, ought to have been made.
(2) No appeal shall lie from any order passed in appeal under this section." "Order XLIII Rule 1-- Appeals from Orders-- An appeal shall lie from the following orders under the provisions of section 104, namely :-(a) an order under Rule 10 of Order VII returning a plaint to be presented to the proper Court (except where the procedure specified in Rule 10A of Order VII has been followed;
(b) omitted by Amendment Act, 1976) (c) an order under Rule 9 of Order IX rejecting "an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside the dismissal of a suit;
(d) an order under Rule 13 of Order IX rejecting an application (in a case open to appeal) for an order to set aside a decree passed ex parte;
(e) omitted by Ame
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