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1993 Supreme(MP) 654

II (1994) DMC 548
A.R. Tiwari, J.
Padmini
vs
Hemant Singh
DECIDED ON : 26 October, 1993

The six-month waiting period prescribed under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, is directory and not mandatory. The court has the power to waive the waiting period in exceptional circumstances, such as when the parties have been living separately for a long time, have no chance of reconciliation, and have mutually and voluntarily agreed to dissolve the marriage.

Headnote:

HINDU MARRIAGE ACT, 1955 - SECTION 13B - DIVORCE BY MUTUAL CONSENT - WAIVER OF SIX-MONTH WAITING PERIOD - COURT'S DISCRETION - INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 13B - CONDITIONS FOR GRANT OF DIVORCE BY MUTUAL CONSENT - APPLICABILITY OF WAITING PERIOD TO APPELLATE COURT - PARTIES' EXPRESS DESIRE FOR IMMEDIATE DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE - COURT'S POWER TO WAIVE WAITING PERIOD IN EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES.

Fact of the Case:

The appellant-wife challenged a decree of divorce granted by the trial court on the ground of cruelty. During the pendency of the appeal, the parties filed a joint application for divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The issue before the court was whether the six-month waiting period prescribed under Section 13B could be waived in the circumstances of the case.

Finding of the Court:

The court held that the six-month waiting period prescribed under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, is directory and not mandatory. The court found that the parties had been living separately for a long time, had no chance of reconciliation, and had mutually and voluntarily agreed to dissolve the marriage. The court also considered the fact that the appellant-wife had expressed her desire for divorce in a letter written by her. The court concluded that the conditions for grant of divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B were satisfied and that it was appropriate to waive the six-month waiting period in the circumstances of the case.

Issues: 1. Whether the six-month waiting period prescribed under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, is mandatory or directory? 2. Whether the court can waive the six-month waiting period in exceptional circumstances? 3. Whether the conditions for grant of divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B were satisfied in the present case?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the six-month waiting period prescribed under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, is directory and not mandatory. The court reasoned that the purpose of the waiting period is to provide an opportunity for the parties to reconsider their decision to divorce and to attempt reconciliation. However, the court found that in the present case, the parties had been living separately for a long time, had no chance of reconciliation, and had mutually and voluntarily agreed to dissolve the marriage. The court also considered the fact that the appellant-wife had expressed her desire for divorce in a letter written by her. The court concluded that the conditions for grant of divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B were satisfied and that it was appropriate to waive the six-month waiting period in the circumstances of the case. 2. The court held that the court has the power to waive the six-month waiting period in exceptional circumstances. The court reasoned that the waiting period is a procedural requirement and that the court has the discretion to waive it in order to prevent injustice or hardship to the parties.

Final Decision: The court accepted the appeal and granted a decree of divorce by mutual consent under Section 13B of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, with effect from the date of the judgment.

JUDGMENT

A.R. Tiwari, J.

1. Intially the correctness of the decree of divorce passed by IT? Additional Judge to the Court of District Judge, Ujiain in H.M. Case No. 54-A of 89 on 27th Nov., 1990 on the ground of cruelty in terms of Section 13 of the Act was under challenge in this appeal presented under Section 28 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for short, 'the Act') joint prayer for decree of divorce on mutual consent in terms of Section 13B of the Act has, however, materially altered the complexion of the controversy.

2. Facts are jajune, Parties were married on 22-11-81 according to vedic rites at Mandasur. The appellant came to the matrimonial home on 23-11-81 and stayed there till 13-12-81, On 14-12-81 she returned to parental home. During the sojourn between 23-11-81 and 13-12-81, the appellant denied consummation on the marriage and resisted cohabitation on the pretaxt that she suffered from the ailment of bleeding and was unfit for sexual intercourse. The respondent was in service at Vidisha. It was also pleaded that the appellant desired to marry someone else and invariably delivered threat to commit suicide on protest. She wrote letters marked as Exh. P/3 to P/6 disclosing her desire to snap the relationship. The appellant denied the allegation emphatically. She pleaded that she was cajoled to pen letters under the influence of liquor which she was compelled to consume. She claimed that her husband indicated disapproval of the marriage and exhibited repulsion. She was categorised as a 'mad' girl. It was asserted that she was never cruel and on the other hand, she was treated with cruelty on account of unsatisfied demand of dowry. It was also stated that the husband had contracted marriage with another woman and had voluntary sexual intercourse with her. She also denied allegations of plan of marriage and threat about suicide.

3. On evaluation of evidential material in juxtaposition of surrounding circumstances the learned trial Judge through elaborate judgment running into 84 paras, concluded that the husband was entitled to obtain decree of divorce on the ground of cruelty. The defence-plea of another marriage was negatived.

4. The appellant, dissatisfied by the verdict, has presented this appeal.

5. The endeavour to bring about reconciliation turned acarpous. But on the date of hearing (21st Oct. 1993) the parties attended the Court in person with their respective Counsel and the appellant presented an application (IA No. 5882/93) praying for dislodgement of decree on cruelty and instead for granting decree of divorce by mutual consent in terms of Section 13B of the Act. The respondent husband promptly consented. Parties also agreed to delink questions of permanent alimony and maintenance as permissible under Section 25 and disposal of property as permissible under Section 27 of the Act and leave the same for being agitated in other appropriate proceedings. These facts were recorded in the proceedings which are signed by the parties as proof of mutual consent for divorce and delinkage.

6. I have heard Smt. Shubda Waghmare learned Counsel for the appellant and Shri Harbhajanka learned Counsel for the respondent as also the parties.

7. In 1985, the respondent was of 31 years of age and the appellant in 1986 was of 23 years of age. This meant that by now one is of 39 years and the other is of 30 years. Qualification wise, the appellant is M.A. whereas the respondent is M.Sc., M.Phil, Ph.D. yet age and aptitude could do nothing to bring about union.

8. It is noticed that he marriage is irretrisevably broken. The husband petitioned on 5-5-1982. The matter continued to hibernate for about 11 years. And even this long gap did not inspire the parties to own a mood a accept each other and to learn to live on the principle of 'forgive and forget'.

9. At times, course of life becomes destined to play a very cruel role. It gives torture, not rapture; tears, not cheers: problems not pleasure; frustration; not finaness. Was Montaige righ


















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