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1996 Supreme(MP) 308
Mahendra Kumar
vs
Union Of India & Anr.
DECIDED ON : 18 March, 1996
The benefit of deduction under section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961, is only admissible to individuals or HUFs and not to firms or bodies of persons.
Headnote:
INCOME TAX ACT, 1961 - SECTION 80L - AMENDMENT - RETROSPECTIVE EFFECT - VALIDITY - PENALTY PROCEEDINGS - QUASHED.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner challenged the validity of the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, which introduced sub-section (3) to section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961, with retrospective effect from April 1, 1976. The petitioner also challenged the assessment for the assessment year 1985-86, the penalty proceedings initiated under section 271(1)(c) of the Act, and the notices issued under section 148 of the Act.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that sub-section (3) of section 80L was a clarification that the benefit of deduction under section 80L was only admissible to individuals or HUFs and not to firms or bodies of persons. The court also held that the penalty proceedings initiated against the petitioner were unwarranted as the petitioner had honestly disclosed the income and had not concealed anything deliberately.
Issues: 1. Whether the amendment to section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961, with retrospective effect, was valid. 2. Whether the assessment for the assessment year 1985-86 was valid. 3. Whether the penalty proceedings initiated under section 271(1)(c) of the Act were valid. 4. Whether the notices issued under section 148 of the Act were valid.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the amendment to section 80L was a clarification that the benefit of deduction under section 80L was only admissible to individuals or HUFs and not to firms or bodies of persons. The court held that the amendment did not deprive any person of any vested rights and was not ultra vires or arbitrary or violative of Articles 14 and 19 of the Constitution of India. 2. The court held that the assessment for the assessment year 1985-86 was valid as the petitioner had honestly disclosed the income and had not concealed anything deliberately. 3. The court held that the penalty proceedings initiated against the petitioner were unwarranted as the petitioner had honestly disclosed the income and had not concealed anything deliberately.
Final Decision: The court upheld the validity of sub-section (3) of section 80L of the Income Tax Act, 1961, but quashed the proposal in the assessment order for initiating penalty proceedings against the petitioner after reopening under section 148 of the Act.
BY THE COURT :
Petitioner has by this petition challenged the validity of Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, whereby sub-s. (3) to s. 80L has been introduced with retrospective effect, i.e., 1st April, 1976. The petitioner has also prayed that the assessment for asst. yr. 1985-86 may be declared illegal. He has also prayed that the penalty proceedings initiated under s. 271(1)(c) of IT Act, 1961, for imposition of penalty for the said period of assessment should be quashed. The petitioner has also prayed for quashing the notices issued under s. 148 of the Act as illegal.
2. Brief facts giving rise to this petition are that the petitioner is an assessee. He was assessed to income-tax by respondent No. 2, ITO B Ward, Ujjain. The sources of his income are house property and share income from three partnership firms namely - Babulal Porwal, Ujjain, Harishchand Ashok Kumar, Ujjain and Sharad Textiles Agency. During the asst. yr. 1985-86, he also derived income from bank interest amounting to Rs. 3,076. This amount of Rs. 3,076 fell to the share of the petitioner from the total interest of the firm in which he is a partner. The petitioner claimed deduction under s. 80L of the Act. It was disallowed by the ITO on the ground that s. 80L was amended by insertion of sub-s. (3) by Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984 with retrospective effect from 1st April, 1976. It was clarified that for such income, the petitioner is not entitled to the benefit under s. 80L. Hence, the petitioner has challenged the validity of sub-s. (3) of s. 80L introduced by Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984.
3. In view of the amendment by Act of 1984 w.e.f. 1st April, 1976, a notice was issued to the assessee under s. 148 r/w s. 147 of the Act for reopening proceedings for asst. yrs. 1983-84 and 1984-85 seeking thereby to tax the escaped income from interest in accordance with the provision introduced by the Amendment Act of 1984. Meanwhile, the assessee was assessed and penalty proceedings were directed to be initiated by order of the assessing authority (Annex-A dt. 11th March, 1988). The petitioner has therefore, challenged the provision of the Amendment Act, notice under s. 148 IT Act and the penalty proceedings proposed to be initiated against him under s. 271(1)(c) of the Act.
4. No return has been filed by the respondents. However, Shri Tankha, learned counsel for the respondents submitted that sub-s. (3) to s. 80L introduced by Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984 is only clarificatory in nature and does not in any way operate in an arbitrary manner or violates any provision of law. Shri Nema, learned senior advocate and Shri Rawat, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner submitted that in fact this so called clarification which has been made retrospective will deprive of the benefits which accrued to the assessee and thus it will operate harshly and arbitrarily because the assessments had been closed long back and they are being sought to be reopened on account of sub-s. (3) of s. 80L. In order to appreciate the controversy, we will examine as to what is the purpose and intention of the legislature in inserting s. 80L(3) - whether it contemplated benefit of deduction in the gross total income of an assessee, being an individual, or an HUF, or an AOP or a BOI, or not.
5. We have considered the arguments of both sides and we are of the opinion that s. 80L of the Act provides benefit of deduction to small people for their small savings and previously benefit was upto the extent of Rs. 7,000 which was increased to Rs. 13,000. Clauses (i) to (x) of sub-s. (1) of s. 80L enumerate income by way of interest from various sources, like security of the Central Government or State Government, debentures, National Deposits Scheme, etc. Where the income as referred to in sub-s. (1) is derived from any asset held by, or on behalf of, a firm, an AOP or a BOI, no deduction shall be allowed under the said sub-section in respect of such income in computing the tot
