The provisions of the M. P. Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 and Rules framed thereunder are not ultra vires Articles 14, 15 and 16 of the Constitution of India.

A.K. Mathur, C.J.

1. The petitioners by this writ petition have prayed that sections 13(4), (5) and (6); 17(2), (3) and (4), 23(3), (4) and (5) and 30(3), (4) and (5) of the M. P. Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1994, as also the Rules 4 and 15 of the M. P. Panchayat Election Rules, 1994, may be declared as ultra vires.

2. This is a public interest litigation filed by one Ramlal and others. They claimed themselves to be social and political workers and are very keen to contest the elections for the posts of Panch, Sarpanch, Members of Janpad Panchayats and Membership of District Panchayat and its President. Therefore, they have filed this public interest litigation challenging the aforesaid provisions of the M. P. Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 and Rules framed thereunder known as M. P. Panchayat Rules, 1995 being ultra vires of Articles 14, 15 and 16 of the Constitution of India. Suffice it to say that M. P. Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (Act No. 1 of 1994) has been framed by the State Legislature in exercise of the power under Article 243 of the Constitution of India appearing in Part-IX of the Constitution which was inserted by the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992, in which this new Chapter has been added providing detail democratic process by strengthening the Panchayats and Gram Panchayats etc. The basic argument of the learned counsel for the petitioner was that it is discriminatory and violative of Article 15 of the Constitution of India. Section 13 of the M. P. Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993 (hereinafter referred to as the Adhiniyam' in brevity) deals with the constitution of Gram Panchayat. Sub-section (4) of section 13 lays down that seats shall be reserved in every Gram Panchayat for the Scheduled Castes, and the Scheduled Tribes and the number of seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that Gram Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes in that Gram Panchayat bears to the total population of that area and such seats shall be allotted by the prescribed authority by rotation to different wards in that Gram Panchayat, in the prescribed manner. Sub-section (5) provides that not less than one third of the total number of seats reserved under sub-section (4) shall be reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes or, as the case may be, the Scheduled Tribes or other Backward Classes. Sub-section (6) of section 13 provides that not less than one-third including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and other Backward Classes of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in every Gram Panchayat shall be reserved for women and such seats may be allotted by the prescribed authority by drawing of lots and by rotation to different wards in a Gram Panchayat in the prescribed manner. Section 17 prescribes election of Sarpanch and Up- Sarpanch. Sub-section (2)(i) of section 17 provides that such number of seats of Sarpanchas of Gram Panchayats shall be reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Gram Panchayat within the block which bears the same proportion to the total number of Sarpanchas in the block as the proportion of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the block bears to the total population of the block. It further provides that where the total population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Block is less than fifty percent. Twenty Five percent of seat of Sarpanchas of Gram Panchayats within the Block shall be reserved for other backward classes. It also provides that not less than one third of the total number of seats of Sarpanchas within the block shall be reserved for women. Section 30 prescribes division of District into constituencies. Sub-section (3) of section 30 provides that seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. Section 30(4) says that no