IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
G.S. Ahluwalia, J.
Pooran Singh Yadav v. Smt. Saroj Sharma
Miscellaneous Criminal Case No. 43117 of 2019 (G);
Decided on 9.6.2021
Criminal P. C., 1973 -- S. 311 -- Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881-- S. 138 -- recall of witness -- trial Court directed that respondent/accused may file application for permission to cross-examine complainant -- application not filed -- case fixed for examination of respondent -- then respondent filed application for recall of complainant for cross-examination -- dismissed -- revisional Court allowed application -- challenged -- revisional Court passed impugned order by ignoring law -- expeditious disposal of cases registered under section 138 necessary to uphold sanctity of cheques -- impugned order set aside -- trial Court directed to decide complaint within 2 months -- application allowed. 2021 (2) JLJ 373 (SC) followed. (2014) 5 SCC 590 discussed. [Paras 12 to 14
naM çfØ;k lafgrk] 1973 && èkkjk 311 && ijØkE; fy[kr vfèkfu;e] 1881 && èkkjk 138 && lk{kh d¨ iqu% cqykuk && fopkj.k U;k;ky; us funsf'kr fd;k fd çR;fFkZuh@vfHk;qä ifjoknh dh çfrijh{kk djus dh vuqKk d¢ fy, vkosnu Qkby dj ldrh gS && vkosnu Qkby ugÈ && çR;fFkZuh dh ijh{kk d¢ fy, ekeyk fu;r g¨ x;k && rc çR;fFkZuh us ifjoknh d¨ çfrijh{kk d¢ fy, iqu% cqykus gsrq vkosnu Qkby fd;k && [kkfjt && iqujh{k.k U;k;ky; us vkosnu eatwj fd;k && vk{ksfir && iqujh{k.k U;k;ky; us fofèk d¨ vuns[kk dj vk{ksfir vkns'k ikfjr fd;k && pSd¨a dh 'kqfprk cuk, j[kus d¢ fy, èkkjk 138 d¢ vèkhu jftLVªhÑr ekey¨a dk 'khÄz fuiVkjk vko';d && vk{ksfir vkns'k vikLr && 2 ekl d¢ Òhrj ifjokn dk fofu'p; djus d¢ fy, fopkj.k U;k;ky; funsf'kr && vkosnu eatwjA 2021 ¼2½ ts ,y ts 373 ¼mPpre U;k-½ vuqlfjrA ¼2014½ 5 ,l lh lh 590 foosfprA ¼iSjk 12 ls 14
ORDER
1. This application under section 482 of CrPC has been filed against the order dated 30.7.2019 passed by Vth Additional Sessions Judge, to the Court of 1st Additional Sessions Judge Vidisha in Criminal Revision No. 6/2019, by which the order dated 15.3.2019 passed by J.M.F.C., Vidisha in Criminal Case No. 2061/2015 has been set aside and the respondent has been permitted to cross examine the applicant/complainant.
2. The necessary facts for disposal of present application in short are that the applicant has filed a criminal complaint under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
3. By order dated 12.7.2016, the trial Magistrate, directed that in the light of the judgment passed by the Supreme Court in the case of Indian Bank Association v. Union of India reported in (2014) 5 SCC 590, the respondent may file an application seeking permission to cross examine the complainant. However, no such application was filed. Thereafter, 20.10.2016, it was held by the trial Magistrate, that since, the respondent has not sought permission to cross examine the complainant, therefore, permission can not be granted and accordingly, the case was fixed for examination of the respondent under section 313 of CrPC. Thereafter, it appears that the respondent filed an application for cross examination of the complainant, but the said application was rejected by order dated 8.12.2016, by holding that the trial Magistrate has no power to review its order. It appears that against the order dated 20.10.2016, the respondent preferred a revision, which was dismissed by the Revisional Court. It appears that once again the respondent filed an application for recall of complainant for cross examination. The said application was dismissed by order dated 15.3.2019.
4. Being aggrieved by the order dated 15.3.2019, the respondent filed a revision, which has been allowed by the revisional Court by holding that cross examination is an important tool in the hand of the accused and the said right should not be taken away.
5. Challenging the order passed by the Court below, it is submitted by the Counsel for the applicant, that the revisional Court has not considered the law laid down by the Supreme Court in the case of Indian Bank Association (supra), and should not have allowed the revision.
6. None appears for the respondent though served.
7. Heard the learned Counsel for the applicant.
8. The Supreme Court in the case of Indian Bank Association (supra), has held as under :
23. Many of the directions given by the various High Courts, in our view, are worthy of emulation by the criminal Courts all over the country dealing with cases under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, for which the following directions are being given :
23.1. The Metropolitan Magistrate/Judicial Magistrate (MM/JM), on the day when the complaint under section 138 of the Act is presented, shall scrutinise the complaint and, if the complaint is accompanied by the affidavit, and the affidavit and the documents, if any, are found to be in order, take cognizance and direct issuance of summons.
23.2. The MM/JM should adopt a pragmatic and realistic approach while issuing summons. Summons must be properly addressed and sent by post as well as by e-mail address got from the complainant. The Court, in appropriate cases, may take the assistance of the police or the nearby Court to serve notice on the accused. For notice of appearance, a short date be fixed. If the summons is received back unserved, immediate follow-up action be taken.
23.3. The Court may indicate in the summons that if the accused makes an application for compounding of offences at the first hearing of the case and, if such an application is made, the Court may pass appropriate orders at the earliest.
23.4. The Court should direct the accused, when he appears to furnish a bail bond, to ensure his appearance during trial and ask him to take notice under section 251 CrPC to enable him to enter his plea of defence and fi
The court's decision emphasized the importance of ensuring fair opportunities for cross-examination and the consequences of non-compliance.
The court emphasized the need to enforce financial discipline in business activities through the summary proceeding of Section 138 of the NI Act, and the importance of balancing the rights of the acc....
A party cannot be allowed to recall a witness for further cross-examination at a later stage if the party had a reasonable opportunity to cross-examine the witness at the appropriate time and did not....
Non-compliance with court directions and subsequent attempts at procrastination can lead to the forfeiture of legal rights and influence court decisions.
The right to cross-examine can be forfeited through negligence, and courts may reject applications to recall such rights if the accused fails to act timely.
Accused must disclose specific defense and seek leave to cross-examine the complainant as per the law laid down by the Supreme Court.
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