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2026 Supreme(MP) 531

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH AT GWALIOR
G.S. Ahluwalia, J.
Ram Swaroop and Others – Applicants
Versus
Harimohan Singh and Others – Respondents
Misc. Civil Case No. 2141 of 2025
Decided On : 11-03-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Applicant : Shri Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi and Shri Yadunath Bhardwaj, Adv.
For the Respondent:Shri R.P. Singh and Shri Pratip Visoriya, Advocates, Shri G.P. Chaurasia, Advocate, Shri C.P. Singh, Govt. Advocate

Disobedience of a temporary injunction by alienating disputed property warrants penalties under Order XXXIX Rule 2A CPC, including property attachment and civil prison. A party with knowledge of the stay order cannot claim the protection of being a bona fide purchaser.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order XXXIX Rule 2A - Breach of temporary injunction - Disobedience of an order to maintain status quo - Alienation of disputed property during the pendency of an appeal and existence of a stay order constitutes a deliberate breach of the court's injunction (Paras 8, 9, 13).

(B) Bona fide purchaser - Defense of lack of knowledge - A party residing in the same locality as the dispute, where the pendency of the appeal and stay order is common knowledge, cannot claim to be a bona fide purchaser without notice (Paras 18, 19).

(C) Punishment for breach - Order XXXIX Rule 2A - The Court possesses the power to attach the property of the person guilty of disobedience and may also order detention in civil prison for a term not exceeding three months (Para 31). Attachment of property can extend beyond the disputed property to the entire property of the wrongdoer to ensure deterrence, particularly when the wrongdoer is a professional well-versed in law (Paras 33, 36).

Facts of the case:
An application was filed alleging breach of a temporary injunction order passed in a second appeal which directed the maintenance of status quo regarding the suit property. Despite the order, two respondents executed sale deeds to alienate portions of the disputed land in favor of a third party. The purchaser and two attesting witnesses were residents of the same village as the disputed property. One of the respondents who alienated the land was a practicing advocate. A revenue officer was also impleaded for mutating names in the records despite the stay.

Findings of Court:
The respondents who alienated the property, the purchaser, and the attesting witnesses were held guilty of committing a breach of the temporary injunction orders. The court found that the respondents deliberately misled the court regarding the nature of the property and avoided service of notice. The purchaser was not a bona fide purchaser as they had knowledge of the stay. The revenue officer was exonerated due to lack of evidence of receipt of notice and subsequent transfer.

Issues: Whether the alienation of the specified survey numbers constituted a breach of the temporary injunction; whether the purchaser could be considered a bona fide purchaser; and the appropriate nature of punishment under Order XXXIX Rule 2A CPC.

Ratio Decidendi: The court reasoned that since the properties were part of the suit and a declaration of share had been made, their alienation during a stay order was a conscious breach. The claim of being a bona fide purchaser is untenable if the purchaser resides in the same village where the litigation and stay order are common knowledge. Sentencing is intended for deterrence, and the court may attach any property of the wrongdoer if the disputed property has already been transferred.

Result: Respondents 1 and 2 held guilty; property attached and civil imprisonment ordered for Respondent 2; Respondent 3 sentenced to one and a half months' civil prison; Respondents 4 and 5 sentenced to three months' civil prison; sale deeds declared non-est.

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • practice and procedure
    • contempt of court
      • breach of injunction
        • order xxxix rule 2a cpc (Para 1, 31)
        • civil imprisonment (Para 46, 52)
        • attachment of property (Para 41, 42)
    • evidence
      • bona fide purchaser (Para 14, 19)
  • property law
    • sale deed
      • declared non-est (Para 43, 48)
    • injunction
      • status quo (Para 2)
  • sentencing
    • deterrence (Para 36)
    • mitigation
      • medical condition (Para 26, 27)

Table of Contents

1. Contempt petition for breach of temporary injunction in second appeal regarding property dispute. (Para 1 , 2 )

2. Respondents claimed sold properties not in dispute; applicants argued they were subject matter of suit. (Para 4 )

3. Respondents held guilty; properties attached; civil imprisonment; sale deeds declared non-est. (Para 21 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 55 )

4. Whether properties sold by respondents were subject matter of the suit and injunction?

Yes, court held that Survey No. 79 and 80 (old 105/1 and 105/2) were in Schedule 3 and covered by decree, thus subject to injunction. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 )

5. Can a purchaser be considered bona fide if aware of pending litigation?

No, if all residents of village knew of appeal and stay, the buyer is deemed aware and not bona fide. (Para 14 , 16 , 18 , 19 )

6. What is the scope of punishment under Order XXXIX Rule 2A CPC?

Court can attach any property of the wrongdoer, not only disputed property, and may order civil imprisonment up to three months. (Para 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 )

7. Are witnesses to a sale deed liable for breach of injunction?

Yes, if they knew of the stay order and facilitated the transfer, they are guilty of breach. (Para 20 , 21 )

8. Can a co-appellant who obtained injunction be punished for violating it?

Yes, obtaining injunction does not give immunity; conscious violation leads to punishment. (Para 9 , 10 , 13 , 46 )

ORDER :

G.S. Ahluwalia, J.

This MCC under Order XXXIX Rule 2A CPC has been filed complaining breach of temporary injunction order dated 07/11/2023 passed in Second Appeal No. 1384/2023, as well as order dated 14/08/2024, by which temporary injunction order dated 07/11/2023 was continued.

2. It is the case of applicants that Respondent Nos. 1 and 2, along with other co-sharers, have filed Second Appeal No. 1384/2023, and on their instance, an interim order to maintain status quo was passed regarding the suit property. In spite of that, Respondent No. 2 - Shivratan executed a sale deed dated 06/12/2023 in favor of Respondent No. 3 - Smt. Neetu in respect of Survey No. 79, area 0.11 hectare, situated in Village Gangepura, Tehsil Lahar, District Bhind. Similarly, by another sale deed dated 06/12/2023, Respondent No. 1 - Harimohan executed a sale deed in favor of Respondent No. 3 in respect of Survey No. 80, area 0.12 hectare, situated in Village Gangepura, Tehsil Lahar, District Bhind.

3. By order dated 08/10/2025, notices were issued to Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 and 7. Notices issued to Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 were returned with a common endorsement that in spite of frequent visits by Postman to the houses of noticees, they were not found in the house, and they had gone out of station. Sensing foul play as well as under an impression that looking to the common endorsement, it appears that notices have been deliberately avoided by Respondent Nos. 1 to 5, this Court, by order dated 18/02/2026, issued arrest warrants against Respondent Nos. 1 to 5. On 27/02/2026, Respondent Nos. 1, 2, and 4 appeared before this Court and prayed for cancellation of arrest warrants, and accordingly, on deposit of costs of Rs. 10,000/- each, arrest warrants issued against Respondent Nos. 1, 2, and 4 were recalled, and the case was directed to be listed on 10/03/2026 as it was already directed by this Court by order dated 18/02/2026. On 09/03/2026, Respondent Nos. 3 and 5 were produced by the police in execution of arrest warrants, and accordingly, they were also released on bail on furnishing personal bonds, and accordingly, case was taken up on 10/03/2026. On 10/03/2026, in the first half of the day, Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 did not appear and when this Court expressed its intention that it would again issue arrest warrants, then counsel for Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 prayed for some time to enable them to appear before this Court, and accordingly, at the request of counsel for Respondent Nos. 1 and 2, case was taken up at 4:30 p.m., and at that time, Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 also appeared in person and prayed for time to file reply. Accordingly, the case was adjourned, and today case is heard on merits as Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 have already filed their returns. It is not out of place to mention here that Shri R.P. Singh Advocate who is also appearing for respondents no. 1 and 2, is also a co- sharer in the disputed property and is a co-appellant, therefore, it is clear that respondents no. 1 and 2, are cousin brothers of Shri R.P. Singh, Advocate.

Role of Respondent Nos. 1 and 2:

4. It is submitted by counsel for Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 that the land which has been sold, i.e., Survey Nos. 79 and 80, was not the subject matter of dispute, and therefore, no case for breach of temporary injunction order is made out. By referring to the decree passed by Trial Court, it is submitted that no decree in respect of the properties mentioned in Schedule 4 of the plaint was passed, and rights of plaintiffs to the extent of 1/3rd share was declared only in respect of properties mentioned in Schedules 2 and 3, and since Survey Nos. 79 and 80 are mentioned in Schedule 4, therefore, properties which have been sold are not the subject matter of dispute.

5 . Per contra, it is submitted by counsel for applicants that in fact, properties mentioned in Schedule 4 merely describe renumbering of the properties. So far as Survey Nos. 79 and 80, as mentioned in Schedule 4, are concerned, it

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