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2026 Supreme(MP) 643

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH AT JABALPUR
RATNESH CHANDRA SINGH BISEN, J.
Jabbar Khan - Appellant
Versus
Rajendra Kumar Jaiswal - Respondent
First Appeal No. 175 of 2002
Decided On : 23-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellant : Shri Aditya Ahiwasi.
For the Respondent: Shri Arvind Kumar Pathak.

A sale deed for immovable property executed by an agent is not proven unless the registered power of attorney is produced in court and the agent is examined to establish proper authorization for the transfer of title.

Headnote:(A) Civil Law - Transfer of Property - Sale of Immovable Property via Power of Attorney - Burden of Proof - Requirement to produce the Power of Attorney document in court to establish the authority of the agent to execute a sale deed - Absence of the document and failure to examine the Power of Attorney holder prevents the court from determining if the sale deed is legal and valid (Paras 10, 14 and 15).

(B) Registration of Documents - Mandatory registration of Power of Attorney for the sale of immovable property - In cases involving immovable property of significant value, a registered power of attorney is mandatory for the legal execution of a sale (Paras 10 and 14).

(C) Law of Evidence - Examination of Witnesses - When the execution of a sale deed is disputed, the failure to examine the plaintiff or the agent who executed the deed deprives the opposing party of the opportunity for cross-examination, undermining the proof of the transaction (Paras 8 and 15).

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for ejectment of the defendant from a property, claiming ownership based on a sale deed executed by a person acting as the power of attorney holder for the original owner. The defendant, a son of the original owner, remained in possession. The trial court dismissed the suit, leading to the current first appeal.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the plaintiff failed to produce the power of attorney document allegedly issued by the original owner to the agent. Additionally, the agent who executed the sale deed was not examined, and the plaintiff himself was not examined, with testimony instead provided by a special power of attorney holder who was not an attesting witness to the sale deed.

Issues: Whether the sale of immovable property via a power of attorney is legally established without producing the registered power of attorney document in court or examining the person who executed the sale deed.

Ratio Decidendi: To prove a transfer of title through an agent, the party must produce the underlying power of attorney. For the sale of immovable property, such a power of attorney must be registered to be legally valid. Without the registered document and the testimony of the agent, the authorization to sell cannot be established.

Result: First appeal dismissed.

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • property law
    • transfer of property
      • sale of immovable property
        • execution by power of attorney (Para 9, 14)
        • registration requirement (Para 10, 14)
  • practice and procedure
    • evidence
      • burden of proof (Para 14, 15)
      • witness testimony (Para 8, 11, 12, 13)

Table of Contents

1. First appeal against dismissal of ejectment suit based on sale deed executed by power of attorney holder. (Para 2 , 3 , 6 )

2. Appellant claimed valid sale via power of attorney; respondent contended lack of proof of authority. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 )

3. First appeal dismissed; trial court decree affirmed. (Para 16 , 17 )

4. Is a sale deed executed by a power of attorney holder valid without producing the power of attorney?

No, the plaintiff must produce the power of attorney to prove authorization; failure to do so renders the sale deed invalid. (Para 9 , 10 , 14 )

5. Is registration of a power of attorney necessary for the sale of immovable property?

Yes, for sale of immovable property exceeding a certain value, the power of attorney must be registered; otherwise the sale cannot legally take place. (Para 10 , 14 )

6. Does non-examination of the plaintiff and the original power of attorney holder affect the proof of authorization?

Yes, it deprives the defendant of cross-examination and leaves the authorization unproved, weakening the plaintiff's case. (Para 8 , 15 )

JUDGMENT :

With the consent of learned counsel appearing for the parties, appeal is heard finally at motion stage.

2.This first appeal has been preferred by the appellant/plaintiff challenging judgment and decree dated 05.01.2002 passed by Second Additional District Judge (Fast Track Court), Harda in Civil Suit No.24-A/2001, whereby the trial Court has dismissed the suit of appellant/plaintiff.

3.Learned counsel for appellant/plaintiff submitted that respondent/defendant is in possession of ground floor of the suit house. Sona Bai was the mother of the respondent/defendant and Mahendra Kumar is the brother of the respondent/defendant. The appellant/plaintiff has acquired the newly constructed ground and first floor constructed in the back side of the existing house from 20.02.1997. The mother of the respondent/defendant has died on 07.03.1998. At the time of execution of the sale deed the mother of respondent was living with her other son Mahendra Kumar at Durg. It is further submitted that appellant/plaintiff had purchased the suit house, which was in ownership of Late Sona Bai by a sale deed dated 20.02.1997 from Mahendra Kumar, who was the Power of Attorney holder of Late Sona Bai. Respondent/defendant was residing in the suit premises on the oral consent of his mother and it is also mentioned that appellant/plaintiff immediately after execution of the sale deed asked the respondent/defendant to vacate the portion in his possession. It is also submitted by counsel for appellant/plaintiff that the said property had come to Late Sona Bai from her father Shankar Lal according to his last Will dated 15.05.1966. The appellant/plaintiff has duly entered his name in Nagar Palika Harda as owner of the same and the respondent/defendant had not taken any objection for the same nor put up his own claim of any kind neither he challenged the ownership of late Sona Bai. The appellant/plaintiff therefore disputed structure valued at Rs.85,000/- and has paid appropriate court fee and filed a suit for ejectment of the respondent/defendant from the suit property. In the said suit the appellant/plaintiff had also prayed for the interim mesne profit at Rs.20/- per day till the decision of the suit from the respondent/defendant.

4. Learned counsel for the appellant/plaintiff further submitted that respondent/defendant denied the claim of the appellant/plaintiff. Trial Court failed to see that the appellant has duly proved by the evidence of the witnesses of the sale deed and also the power of attorney that the said power of attorney was issued by Late Sona Bai to Mahendra Kumar and therefore, the same is valid one and therefore the further sale deed on the strength of the said power of attorney is legal and valid. Learned trial Court has also accepted the proper valuation in para 13 of the judgment. In these circumstances, this first appeal filed by appellant/plaintiff may be allowed and judgment/decree passed by the trial Court be set aside.

5.Counsel appearing for respondent/defendant supported the judgment and decree passed by the trial Court. It is submitted that the pleadings of the parties and evidence was also considered in right perspective and no error has been committed by the trial Court in decreeing the suit.

6. The trial Court framed the issue and taking evidence of both the parties, passed the impugned judgment and decree on 05.01.2002 and suit filed by the appellant/plaintiff has been dismissed.

7. Heard the learned counsel for the parties.

8. Sahabuddin (P.W.-1) has given evidence on behalf of the plaintiff Jabbar Khan, because the plaintiff Jabbar Khan executed a special power of attorney (Mukhtyarnama Khas) in favour of Sahbuddin, authorizing him to give evidence in this case. The special power of attorney has been exhibited as Ex.P-1. Thus, in this case, the plaintiff Jabbar Khan himself has not been examined. In such a situation, the respondent/defendant did not get any opportunity to cross-examine the plaintiff Jabbar Khan regardin

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