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2026 Supreme(MP) 647

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH AT GWALIOR
ANAND SINGH BAHRAWAT, J.
Smt. Poornima Saxena – Petitioner 
Versus 
The State Of Madhya Pradesh And Others - Respondents
Writ Petition No. 649 of 2017 
Decided On : 27-01-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Shri Dharmendra Singh Raghuvanshi, counsel.
For the Respondents:Shri Ravindra Dixit, Government Advocate.

An employee appointed to a sanctioned post who serves for a long duration in a regular pay scale cannot be denied regularization and pensionary benefits if the failure to fulfill appointment conditions was beyond their control and caused by the State's inaction.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 and Article 320 - Service Law - Regularization of ad hoc services - Appointment on compassionate grounds - Denial of pensionary benefits - Where conditions for regularization, such as passing departmental training or qualifying for examinations, are beyond the employee's control and the employer fails to facilitate them, such non-fulfillment cannot be attributed to the employee (Para 11) - An employee serving a sanctioned post for a prolonged period (over 10 years) with a regular pay scale should not be denied regularization and pensionary benefits on technicalities, particularly when the State's own inaction contributed to the ad hoc status - The State cannot benefit from its own wrong to deny pension to a long-term employee (Para 12).

(B) Regularization - Irregular vs. Illegal Appointments - Appointments made in contravention of mandatory statutory provisions or ignoring essential qualifications are illegal and cannot be regularized, whereas irregular appointments of qualified persons in sanctioned posts may be regularized as a one-time measure after ten years of service (Paras 8, 9, 10).

Facts of the case:
An employee was appointed to the post of Registrar on compassionate grounds and served for 28 years on an ad hoc basis. The appointment order mandated passing an accounts training examination and qualifying for a public service commission examination. However, the training was reported to be unavailable for the specific grade of the post, and the commission never advertised the post. Despite receiving a regular pay scale throughout the tenure of service, the employee was denied regularization and pensionary benefits upon retirement.

Findings of Court:
The court found that the failure to fulfill the conditions of appointment was not the fault of the employee, as the requirements were beyond their control. Having served for 28 years in a regular pay scale in a sanctioned post, the employee is entitled to be treated as a regular employee for the purpose of retiral benefits.

Issues: Whether an employee who served for 28 years in a sanctioned post is entitled to regularization and pensionary benefits when the conditions for regularization were beyond their control and the failure to meet them was due to the employer's inaction.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the State cannot take advantage of its own failure to provide training or conduct examinations to deny pensionary benefits to an employee who served for decades in a regular pay scale. Long-term irregular service in a sanctioned post, provided the appointment was not illegal, warrants regularization to ensure social security and pensionary rights.

Result: Petition allowed.

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • administrative law
    • service law
      • regularization of service (Para 8, 9, 10, 11)
      • ad hoc appointment (Para 12)
      • compassionate appointment (Para 2, 8)
      • pension and retiral benefits (Para 13)
    • government policy
      • regularization policy (Para 7)
  • constitutional law
    • writ jurisdiction
      • article 226 (Para 1)
    • public service commission
      • article 320 (Para 3)

Table of Contents

1. Petition seeking regularization of ad hoc service from initial appointment with pension and retiral benefits. (Para 1 )

2. Petitioner: non-fulfilment of conditions beyond her control; Respondent: conditions not fulfilled, hence no regularization. (Para 2 , 3 )

3. Petition allowed; impugned order quashed; respondents directed to treat ad hoc service as regular and grant pension. (Para 13 )

4. Can an ad hoc appointment made on compassionate ground be regularized after long service?

Yes, if the appointee was duly qualified, the appointment was irregular but not illegal, and the employee has served for a long period. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 )

5. What is the distinction between illegal and irregular appointments for regularization?

Illegal appointments contravene mandatory provisions and cannot be regularized, while irregular appointments of qualified persons in sanctioned posts may be regularized. (Para 9 , 10 )

6. Can the State deny pension to an employee who served for 30 years on ad hoc basis?

No, it is unreasonable for the State to take services for 30 years and then deny pensionary benefits. (Para 12 , 13 )

ORDER :

ANAND SINGH BAHRAWAT, J.

This petition, under Article 226 of Constitution of India, has been filed seeking the following relief (s):

“(i) That, the present petition filed by the petitioner may kindly be allowed;

(ii) That, the impugned order dated 14.12.2016 Annexure P/1 passed by the respondent no.2 may kindly be directed to be set aside. It may kindly be further clarified that there has been no break in service for a day even right from the joining of the petitioner in the year 1987 till her retirement up to 2014, in that view of the matter the respondents have no option but to regularize the services of the petitioner especially in the facts and circumstances of the case when they permitted the petitioner to retire and aforesaid two conditions are not with her control.

(iii) That, any other just, suitable and proper relief, which this Hon’ble Court deems fit, may also kindly be granted to the petitioner. Costs be also awarded in favour of the petitioner.”

2. Learned counsel for petitioner submits that petitioner was appointed on 27.10.1987 on the post of Registrar in Post Graduate P.G. College, Shivpuri. She joined on 30.10.1987 and worked regularly till 1990. Thereafter, she was transferred to Government P.G. College, Guna. It is further submitted that petitioner was initially appointed on compassionate ground on account of death of her husband in harness. It is further submitted that there were two conditions mentioned in the appointment order viz.: -

(i) petitioner was required to pass Accounts Training Examination within two years; and

(ii) petitioner was required to qualify the Public Service Commission Examination as and when it was held, failing which her services could be terminated without notice.

It is further submitted by learned counsel for petitioner that as per terms and conditions mentioned in the appointment order, it is clear that accounts training was to be acquired by petitioner, only when she was allowed by the department to participate in the Accounts Training. It is further submitted that Accounts Training cannot be obtained outside the department on private basis but it has to be obtained through department as the same is conducted by the Department only. So far as condition No.2 is concerned, it is submitted that P.S.C. has never advertised for the post of Registrar. It is further submitted that petitioner applied before the Director Treasury and Accountants M.P. Bhopal for accounts training in terms of order of appointment dated 27.10.1987 but that application dated 23.2.1988 was not given any due weightage and on the contrary, Director Treasury and Accounts stated that for Class-II Gazetted Post no accounts training is provided. It was further stated in the order that only for Class-III post the Accounts Training is provided by the Government and Accounts Department (Annexure P/3). It is further submitted that both the conditions mentioned in the appointment order cannot be fulfilled by petitioner herself as petitioner was depended upon the department/PSC. As by Annexure P/3 the respondent has already mentioned that there is no need to pass the Accounts Training and so far as the other condition is concerned, right from 1987 till that the post of Registrar was not published by the PSC, therefore, non- qualifying of petitioner till her retirement cannot said to be due fault on the part of petitioner. Petitioner stood retired on 30.8.2014 and as per the Recruitment Rules, i.e. M.P. Higher Education Collegiate Rules, 1987, petitioner's services were required to be regularized in order to extend the benefit of medical leave, half -pay leave, GIS, GPF and pension etc. by calculating the services rendered by her with effect from the date of her initial appointment i.e. with effect from 27.10.1987. It is further submitted that even otherwise since both the conditions were not under the control of the petitioner, the non-regularization of the services of petitioner is absolutely illegal. It is further submi

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