After 501(b) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 was amended to prohibit a Member of Congress, federal officer, or other Government employee from accepting an honorarium for making an appearance or speech or writing an article, respondents - including individual members of, and a union representing, a class composed of all Executive Branch employees below grade GS-16 who, but for 501(b), would receive honoraria - filed a suit challenging the statute as an unconstitutional abridgment of their freedom of speech. The speeches and articles for which respondents had received honoraria in the past concerned matters such as religion, history, dance, and the environment; with few exceptions, neither their subjects nor the persons or groups paying for them had any connection with respondents official duties. In granting respondents motion for summary judgment, the District Court held 501(b) unconstitutional insofar as it applies to Executive Branch employees and enjoined the Government from enforcing it against any such