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2004 Supreme(Online)(All) 14

ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT
Tarun Agarwala, J.
Smt. Chandravasa Devi – Appellant
Versus
Smt. Duleshwari – Respondent
Second A. No. 9 of 1990



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Sri S. N. Singh
For the Respondents: Sri Sankatha Rai, Sri K.P.S. Yadav

A will's validity must be proven beyond suspicion, especially when claims of fraud or undue influence arise; the burden of proof lies on the party benefiting from the will under suspicious circumstances.

Headnote:(A) Indian Succession Act - Section 63 - Burden of Proof - The validity of the will executed on 2-2-83 was contested on grounds of alleged fraud and undue influence. The testatrix was held to have been manipulated by the defendants into executing the will without her informed consent. (Paras 17, 25, 39, 40)

(B) Fraud and Suspicion in Will Execution - The court requires high standards of proof in cases involving wills, particularly where circumstances suggest potential fraud or undue influence; the defendant failed to effectively remove these suspicions. (Paras 19, 26, 39)

Facts of the case:
The plaintiff challenged the will claiming fraud and that the testatrix did not willfully execute the document. The defendant asserted the will was legitimate.

Findings of Court:
The appellate Court found that the burden of proof was improperly placed on the plaintiff and that the will was not duly executed given suspicious circumstances.

Issues: Whether the will was validly executed amidst alleged fraud and influence; the proper burden of proof in cases of contesting a will.

Ratio Decidendi: The court affirmed that the validity of a will must be substantiated without nullifying suspicions; the burden shifts based on the nature of claims made regarding execution.

Result: Appeal dismissed and the original ruling upheld.

Table of Content
1. plaintiff challenges will's authenticity based on alleged fraud. (Para 1 , 2)
2. defendant argues legitimacy; court dismisses suit based on findings. (Para 3 , 4)
3. court examines burden of proof regarding the will's validity. (Para 6 , 10)
4. court determines execution validity amidst suspicions. (Para 25 , 39)
5. final judgment confirms lack of evidence for will's validity. (Para 40 , 41)

1. The plaintiff filed a suit for the cancellation of the will dated 2-2-83 executed by Smt. Muneshwari Devi bequeathing the entire property, etc. in favour of the defendant Smt. Chandravasa Devi. The plaintiff Smt. Duleshwari and the defendant are real sisters and their mother is the person, who had executed the will. The plaintiff alleged that the property was owned by her father Basdeo, who died about 25 years ago and upon his death, the entire property was inherited by her mother, Smt. Muneshwari Devi. It was alleged that the plaintiff's mother was an illiterate, rustic and a pardahnashin lady and had died on 25-6-1983 at the age of 75 years. The plaintiff alleged that she used to stay with her mother from time to time in order to help her out in her household affairs. Between October 1982 to May 1983, the plaintiff could not visit her mother, as she herself, was unwell on account of a shooting pain in her stomach, which was later on, diagnosed as appendicitis. When she got well, she again came and stayed with her mother and looked after her. The plaintiff alleged that, ten days before her mother's death, she became unwell and at that time, she desired to execute a will in favour of the plaintiff and the defendant. The husband of the defendant, Sri Vipin Bihari Pandey stated that there was no need to execute a will, as upon the mother's death, both her daughters would inherit the property in equal share. After her mother's death, the husband of the defendant moved an application for mutation of the name of the defendant in the revenue records on the basis of the will dated 2-2-83. It was then the plaintiff came to know about the fraud played by the defendant and her husband.

2. The plaintiff alleged that her mother had orally gifted a piece of land to a priest, Sri Ram Awadh Pandey, a couple of years ago and wanted to execute a sale deed / gift deed in his favour. For this purpose she had gone with the defendant and her husband on 2-2-83 to get the sale deed executed in favour of Ram Awadh Pandey. The defendant and her husband, without the mother's knowledge and consent, also got her to place her thumb impression on some loose papers and got prepared a forged will. The plaintiff alleged that her mother was also hard of hearing and that she did not execute the will knowingly or willingly and that she had no intention to bequeath the entire property in favour of the defendant. The plaintiff alleged that the husband of the defendant used to look after the affairs of the mother and that the defendant and her husband had played a fraud upon the plaintiff's mother and got a will executed in favour of the defendant without her consent and knowledge. The plaintiff prayed that the alleged will dated 2-2-83 which had been registered before the Sub-Registrar be cancelled and, that, she was entitled to the possession of her share of the property left by her mother.

3. The defendant contested the suit and submitted that the plaintiff never stayed with her mother nor looked after her. The plaintiff was a teacher in a Government school and was residing in another village and therefore, the question of staying with her mother did not arise. The defendant further alleged that she was the younger daughter of her mother and after her marriage, she along with her husband continued to stay with her mother and looked after her. The defendant also alleged that her mother always favoured her. The defendant further submitted that her mother was an intelligent woman and knew the wordly affairs and was not a rustic or a pardahnashin lady. She had a b














































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