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2026 Supreme(Online)(AP) 12387

HIGH COURT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
K Suresh Reddy, A Hari Haranadha Sarma, JJ
Gogula Venkatesh – Appellant
Versus
State Of Andhra Pradesh – Respondent
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO: 2563/2018



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: A Gayatri Reddy
For the Respondents: Public Prosecutor (AP)

When multiple dying declarations contain material inconsistencies regarding the cause of death, especially where the earliest version recorded by a Magistrate suggests suicide, the prosecution must prove homicidal intent beyond reasonable doubt; failing which, and in the absence of a charge for abetment, the accused is entitled to acquittal.

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 302 and 498-A - Death in matrimonial home - Dying declarations with material inconsistencies - Higher-ranking officer's record (Magistrate) reliability - Absence of charge under Section 306 IPC - Burden of proof in circumstantial evidence cases - Principle of reasonable doubt. (Paras 21-23, 30, 31, 36)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was the husband of the deceased. The prosecution alleged that the appellant committed cruelty under S.498-A and murder under S.302 by burning his wife. The Trial Court acquitted him under S.498-A but convicted him under S.302 based on dying declarations. The appellant challenged the conviction citing inconsistencies in the dying declarations and claiming the death was suicidal.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that the earliest dying declaration recorded by the Magistrate stated the deceased set herself on fire, contradicting subsequent police-recorded statements. Given the lack of a charge under S.306 IPC and the inconsistency in evidence, the prosecution failed to prove homicidal death beyond reasonable doubt.

Issues: Whether the prosecution proved the guilt for murder under Section 302 IPC beyond reasonable doubt given the conflicting dying declarations and the absence of a charge for abetment of suicide.

Ratio Decidendi: Where multiple dying declarations exist with material inconsistencies, the declaration recorded by a Magistrate is more reliable. In the absence of a charge for abetment (S.306), the accused cannot be held liable for suicide when the prosecution fails to establish a homicidal intent.

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction and sentence under Section 302 IPC set aside.

Table of Content
1. overview of charges and trial court judgment. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. summary of prosecution case, evidence collected, and trial court's reliance on dying declarations. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
3. appellant's contention regarding inconsistencies in dying declarations and prosecution's burden. (Para 10)

Appeal under Section 372 /374(2)/378(4) of Cr.P.C praying that the High Court may be pleased to The present Appeal is being filed aggrieved by the Judgment dt 01.03.2017 made in Sessions Case No.340 of 2015 on the file of III Addl. Sessions Judge (F.T.C), Anantapuram, the present of Appeal filed for the following among other.

IA NO: 1 OF 2018

Petition under Section 151 CPC praying that in the circumstances stated in the affidavit filed in support of the petition, the High Court may be pleased may be pleased to condone the delay of 489 days in filing the Crl.A. of 2018 and to pass

IA NO: 2 OF 2018

Petition under Section 151 CPC praying that in the circumstances stated in the affidavit filed in support of the petition, the High Court may be pleased may be pleased to release the Appellant / Petitioner on bail by suspending the execution of sentence passed in Sessions Case No.340 of 2015 dated 01.03.2017 by the III Addl. Sessions Judge (F.T.C) Anantapuramu, pending disposal of the main Criminal Appeal and pass

IA NO: 1 OF 2024

Petition under Section 151 CPC praying that in the circumstances stated in the affidavit filed in support of the petition, the High Court may be pleased pleased to suspend the execution of sentence in S.C.No. 340 of 2015 on the file of the III Additional Sessions Judge, Anantapuram Dated: 01-03-2017 and release the Petitioner/Accused on bail in Crl.A.No. 2563 of 2018, which is pending before this Hon’ble Court

Counsel for the Appellant:

1.A GAYATRI REDDY

Counsel for the Respondent:

1.PUBLIC PROSECUTOR (AP)

The Court made the following:

JUDGMENT: (per Hon’ble Sri Justice A. Hari Haranadha Sharma)

Introductory:-

[i] Sole accused in Sessions Case No.340 of 2015 on the file of the III Additional Sessions Judge, (Fast Track Court), Anantapuramu, (for short referred as ‘the Sessions Court’) is the appellant.

[ii] He was tried by the learned III Additional Sessions Judge (FTC), Anantapuram for the charges under Sections 498-A IPC and 302 IPC.

2. State represented by the Inspector of Police, Nallamada Circle filed Charge Sheet against the appellant/accused, alleging commission of offences under Sections 498-A on the ground of subjecting his wife to physical and mental cruelty, and under Section 302 IPC for causing death of his wife by pouring kerosene and setting fire.

3. The Sessions Court found the appellant/accused guilty for the offence under Section 302-IPC and sentenced him to suffer imprisonment for life and to pay fine of Rs.10,000/-; in default to pay fine amount to suffer simple imprisonment for a period of one year and acquitted him for the charge under Section 498-A IPC under the judgment dated 01.03.2017. Questioning the propriety and sustainability of the conviction and sentence, the present appeal is filed.

Case of the prosecution:-

4. [i] PW1-D.Lakshmi Devi, PW.6-D.Shankar are the parents of one G.Nagendramma (herein after referred to 'as the deceased'). The accused is the husband of the deceased.

[ii] During their wedlock, the accused and the deceased were blessed with a son by name Mohan. Accused addicted to alcohol etc., and used to harass the deceased physically and mentally, on that count the deceased came to her parental home along with her son. But four days prior to the incident, accused asked the deceased to come to home stating that if she does not come, he will commit suicide. Then, PW.1 and PW.6 taken the deceased to the house of the accused and left her there, asking the accused to take care of her.

[iii] On 07.05.2014 at about 10.00p.m., the accused consumed alcohol and beat the deceased indiscriminately, when she tried to come out of the house of the accused, he caught hold o

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