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1993 Supreme(Online)(Bom) 7

BOMBAY HIGH COURT
, J
Talwar C. K. v. M/s. Rallis India Ltd.
W. P. No. 3615 of 1991



Advocates:
For the Appellant: Mr. Jethmalani
For the Respondent: Mr. Vora

The Court of Small Causes has jurisdiction over eviction proceedings involving ex-employees after terminating their licenses under specific contractual premises.

Headnote:(A) Jurisdiction - Court of Small Causes - Whether jurisdiction lies when a former employee refuses to vacate premises - Recovery proceeding initiated under S.41 of the Presidency Small Cause Courts Act, 1882. Court holds that jurisdiction does lie as agreements delineate duties and rights of parties. (Paras 4, 6, 12, 17)

(B) Remedy - Effectiveness of legal process - The petitioner claimed protection as a tenant but court emphasized revocation of license and denied any sustained right after termination of employment. (Paras 10, 14, 17)

(C) Legal Standards - Unequivocally outlined law concerning landlord-tenant disputes under the Bombay Rent Act and application of S.41 in determining rights of licensor and licensee. (Paras 12, 16)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, an ex-employee, retained possession of premises authorized by the Company from which he resigned. Company claimed rightful possession, contending the petition was an effort to evade eviction by delaying the legal process.

Findings of Court:
Court determined that the petitioner's claim to tenancy was untenable and deemed the jurisdictional challenge invalid.

Issues: The main issues were whether the proceedings should be adjudicated in the Court of Small Causes or the City Civil Court depending on the classification of the petitioner’s status.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that the agreement clearly permitted occupation only while in employment, and post-termination, the character of the proceeding aligned with eviction claims, correctable by the Court of Small Causes.

Result: Petition dismissed with costs.

Table of Content
1. litigation delaying justice through unjustified occupation. (Para 1 , 2)
2. determination of jurisdiction related to tenant and trespasser classifications. (Para 4 , 6)
3. rights based on initial contractual agreements and subsequent actions. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. application of legal remedies and interpretation of eviction lawsuits. (Para 10 , 12 , 14)
5. final determination affirms previous court's ruling and expedites the process. (Para 17 , 19)

1. Will this Court turn a Nelson's eye to a class of litigation that is unnecessarily throttling the functioning of the justice dispensation system which itself is groaning under unbearable arrears and virtually gasping for breath ? For too long has it been the order of the day in and around the city of Bombay, particularly for persons in unjustified occupation of premises, to litigate virtually for decades together and use this time period as an umbrella for continuation of such illegal activities. Pendency of a litigation based on such claims invariably couched in a vanear of profoundness, are used as the justification for such wrongful retention of the premises, thereby defeating the possessory rights of the owner. In the process, it is the Courts at whom an accusing finger is pointed as the institutions that have permitted this state of affairs to flourish. The modus operandi, invariably, is the institution of one or more litigations and the filing of appeals therefrom, or the starting of parallel proceedings when one of them has failed. The present petition before me is an amen more classic illustration of how judicial process is sought to be used as a cover for the perpetuation of such a situation where the solitary plea canvassed is that dehors the merits of the case or, for that matter, even the ethics involved, the proceeding started in one Court in 1989 should be dismissed, and that it should be commenced in another Court. A solitary issue of jurisdiction canvassed in this case, in view of its far - reaching consequences in numerous proceedings of such type, requires to be decided on merits, since it has been agitated with some degree of vehemence. An application having been presented before me by the respondent - Company containing a grievance that the petitioner has been refusing to restore possession of valuable residential premises, occupation of which was permitted to him while an employee of the Company, which status had ceased since the middle of the year 1986, it did appear necessary that this petition, which has come up to the High Court at an interlocutory stage, requires immediate disposal. Inter alia, the Company contended that whereas it is required to pay an amount of Rs. 2,000/- per month to the original owner of the premises, that the petitioner ex - employee has been occupying the premises after resigning from services of the Company, for the last 5 1/2 years without having paid a single rupee. The Company had instituted recovery proceedings before the Court of Small Causes at Bombay in 1989. The petitioner ex - employee filed this petition contending that the City Civil Court and not the Court of Small Causes was the proper forum, and the petition having been admitted, pending proceedings have been stayed and the petitioner continues in occupation, free of charge for several years to come. The facts appear gross and in order to prevent the continuation of this unsatisfactory state of affairs, the petition was taken up for hearing forthwith.

2. The petitioner before me, Mr. G. A. Talwar is an ex - Executive of the respondent, M/s. Rallis India Ltd., a large and well - established public limited Company at Bombay. The Company had acquired in January 1972 from the landlord, Flat no. 35 in Venus Apartments at Worli Sea Face, Bombay, together with a garage attached to the premises. Over the years, the Company appears to have been accepted as a tenant in respect of the premises and the rent payable thereof was mutually increased from time to time unt




























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