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2025 Supreme(Online)(Cal) 3672

IN THE HIGH COURT AT CALCUTTA
Debangsu Basak, Md. Shabbar Rashidi, JJ
VIJAY PRAKASH BOHRA – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS. – Respondent
MAT/1465/2025



Advocates:
For the Appellant: Mr. Rishad Medosa, Mr. Deepan Kumar Sarkar, Ms. Deepti Priya, Mr. Ramendu Agarwal
For the Respondents: Mr. Debahis Saha, Ms. Rashmi Bothra, Mr. Kanishk Kejriwal, Ms. Arushi Rathore, Mr. Pritam Roy

A secured creditor can seek possession of property post-sale under Section 14 of the Act, and purchasers have the right to appeal regarding decisions affecting their ownership rights.

Headnote:(A) Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 - Section 14 - Appeal against the jurisdictional District Magistrate's refusal to assist secured creditor in taking possession of immovable property sold - Court ruled that a secured creditor may seek possession post-sale and upheld the maintainability of the appeal for purchaser's interests. (Paras 6, 12, 18, 19)

(B) Locus Standi - The court emphasized the rights of the purchaser affected by the lower court's decision, affirming appeal's validity. (Paras 16, 17)

Facts of the case:
The appellant challenged an order rejecting the secured creditor's application under Section 14 for possession of immovable property sold, arguing that the lower court's decision negatively impacted his property rights.

Findings of Court:
The earlier decision barring the secured creditor was not binding, and the application must be considered expeditiously for rightful possession.

Issues: The key question was whether the appellant had the locus standi to appeal against the order affecting possession rights of the property purchased.

Ratio Decidendi: The court asserted that refusal to recognize the secured creditor's rights under Section 14 post-sale is erroneous, influencing the equity of the purchaser whose interests must be protected.

Result: Appeal allowed.

Table of Content
1. appeal directed against a prior order. (Para 1 , 2)
2. ownership right in secured property. (Para 3 , 4)
3. authority of district magistrate in possession matters. (Para 5 , 15)
4. secured creditor's right post-sale. (Para 6 , 12)
5. legal implications of injunction on property. (Para 7 , 8)
6. preservation of purchaser's rights regarding property. (Para 16 , 19)

1. Appeal is directed against an order dated August 18, 2025 passed in WPA 11575 of 2025.

2. Appeal is at the behest of private respondent in the writ petition.

3. Learned advocate appearing for the appellant submits that the appellant purchased an immovable property in a proceeding under the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 . He submits that actual physical possession of such immovable property was not made over to the appellant by the Bank.

4. Learned advocate for the appellant submits that the Bank filed an application under Section 14 of the Act of 2002 on February 18, 2016. Such application was dismissed by the jurisdictional District Magistrate by an order dated March 27, 2025.

5. Learned advocate appearing for the appellant submits that, Bank filed a writ petition being WPA 11575 of 2025 praying for setting aside of the order dated March 27, 2025 and seeking a direction upon the jurisdictional District Magistrate to issue an order under Section 14 of the Act of 2002. Learned Single Judge erred in not issuing such direction on the jurisdictional District Magistrate.

6. Learned advocate appearing for the appellant relies upon (2018) 15 SCC 99 [ITC Limited vs. Blue Coast Hotels Limited & Ors.] and submits that, a secured creditor can apply under Section 14 of the Act of 2002 to take actual physical possession of the secured asset subsequent to the sale of the same to a purchaser. Therefore, both the jurisdictional District Magistrate as well as the learned Single Judge erred in not directing remedies under Section 14 of the Act of 2002.

7. Learned advocate appearing for the private respondents submits that, there is an order of injunction passed by commercial Court with regard to the concerned immovable property restraining the private respondents from creating third party rights in respect of such immovable property.

8. Learned advocate appearing for the private respondents submits that, more than the order of injunction, there is an issue with regard to the maintainability of the appeal. He submits that, appellant is a purchaser of an immovable property and cannot move Court for the purpose of obtaining an order under Section 14 of the Act of 2002. He assails the locus of the appellant before us to file and move the appeal. He submits that, the ratio laid down in ITC Limited (supra) assists the private respondents in this regard.

9. State Bank of India (SBI) invoked the provisions of Section 14 the Act of 2002 in respect of security interest covering the credit facilities extended by it to the borrowers and guarantors including the respondent Nos. 4 and 9 herein. The immovable property concerned was a security interest of SBI in respect of such credit facilities.

10. SBI put up the secured asset for sale under the provisions of Section 14 of the Act of 2002. Appellant before us purchased such immovable property for valuable consideration. Appellant is yet to receive actual physical possession of the immovable property since, SBI is yet to obtain actual physical possession of such immovable property concerned.

11. Apparently, SBI sold the immovable property without obtaining actual physical possession thereof. Prior to the sale of the immovable property to the appellant, SBI applied before the jurisdictional District Magistrate for assistance under Section 14 of the Act of 2002. Such application was made on February 18, 2016 to the jurisdictional District Magistrate. Such application was rejected by the jurisdictional District Magistrate on March 27, 2015. SBI moved the High Court

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