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2025 Supreme(Online)(Cal) 7089

CALCUTTA HIGH COURT
Sujoy Paul, ACJ, Partha Sarathi Sen, J
Sourav Mitra – Appellant
Versus
Swati Chakraborty Bhattacharya – Respondent
MAT 1989 of 2025|CAN 1 of 2025



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Siddhartha Sarkar, Sourav Gupta
For the Respondents: Sankar Halder, Sujata Mukherjee, Pampa Dey Dhabal, Sarbani Dutta, Souma Subhra Ray, Anushree Mondal, Neelam Kumari, Archana Baghal

Courts must not exercise discretionary writ jurisdiction when efficacious alternative statutory remedies exist for grievances such as police inaction or property possession, nor should they act as an executing court for civil disputes while determining disputed questions of fact.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Article 226 - Writ jurisdiction - Exercise of - Held, High Court should refrain from exercising its high prerogative writ jurisdiction when there exists an effective and efficacious alternative remedy - Exception to rule of alternative remedy includes violation of fundamental rights, breach of natural justice, or orders passed without jurisdiction. (Paras 16, 17)

(B) Criminal Procedure - Registration of First Information Report - Procedure - Applicable statutory provisions - Aggrieved person must approach jurisdictional superior police authorities or the concerned Judicial Magistrate for investigation and FIR registration, rather than approaching the High Court through writ petition directly. (Paras 10, 12, 13, 20)

(C) Specific Relief - Suit for possession - Restoration of property - Statutory remedy available provides a speedy and efficacious mechanism to recover possession of immovable property without proof of title; therefore, recourse to writ jurisdiction for summary eviction or restitution is inappropriate. (Paras 11, 14)

Facts of the case:
The respondent filed a writ petition seeking a writ of mandamus against police authorities for failure to register a complaint and for assistance in entering a residential property after the appellant allegedly installed a padlock. The Single Bench passed an order directing the police to restore possession to the petitioner. The appellant challenged this order, contending that the writ court erred by acting as an executing court and by entertaining matters involving disputed questions of fact despite the availability of alternative legal remedies.

Findings of Court:
The court determined that the writ petition dealt with disputed factual issues and that the petitioner had bypassed statutory alternative remedies. The court reiterated that writ courts should not intervene in matters where specific statutory mechanisms exist to address police inaction or property disputes. However, noting that the petitioner had already been put into possession by the authorities, the appellate court did not set aside the order but allowed the parties to pursue legal remedies through appropriate competent forums.

Issues: Whether the writ court is empowered to grant relief regarding the registration of a criminal complaint and restoration of possession of immovable property when the petitioner has alternative statutory remedies and whether the court erred in treating the writ petition as an executing court.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized that the exercise of writ jurisdiction is discretionary. It held that where a statute creates a specific remedy for a grievance, such as criminal procedural codes or property recovery laws, the constitutional court must insist on the exhaustion of those remedies. Resolving disputed questions of fact through writ petitions is improper when appropriate judicial fora exist for such adjudication.

Result: Appeal disposed of; no interference with the implementation of the already-executed order, with liberty to parties to approach competent legal forums.

Table of Content
1. writ jurisdiction propriety in cases of police inaction and civil disputes (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
2. statutory alternative remedies: bnss section 173/175 and specific relief act section 6 (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14)
3. exhaustion of statutory remedies and prohibition of writs for police registration of firs (Para 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
4. limitations on appellate interference when status quo is already partially executed (Para 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29)

1. In this intra Court appeal the order dated 13.11.2025 as passed by a Single Bench of this Court in WPA 24934 of 2025 is assailed.

2. By the impugned order the writ Court while disposing the said writ petition directed the Officer-in-Charge of the concerned police station to restore the possession of the writ petitioner in the flat in question by 15.11.2025 with a further direction to the police authorities to ensure protection to the writ petitioner so that the writ petitioner could stay in the flat in question peacefully till she is evicted therefrom in due course of law.

3. In course of hearing Mr. Sarkar, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant/ private Respondent No. 7 submits before this Court that the learned Single Bench while entertaining a writ petition alleging inaction of the police has practically acted like an executing Court in respect of a decree of a Civil Court in gross disregard to the settled position of law that where there exists availability of alternative remedy, writ Court should refrain from exercising its high prerogative writ jurisdiction. It is further submitted by the appellant/private Respondent No. 7 that the learned Single Bench while disposing the said writ petition entered into disputed questions of facts and thus a serious miscarriage of justice occurred while passing the order impugned and, therefore, the order impugned is required to be set aside.

4. Such contention of the appellant/private Respondent No. 7 is vehemently opposed by the learned Advocate for the Respondent No. 1/writ petitioner by saying that on perusal of the entire materials as placed before the writ Court, the learned Single Bench was satisfied regarding the inaction of the police authorities in registering the FIR pursuant to the written complaint as made by the writ petitioner on 17.09.2025. It is submitted further that there was no illegality in the order impugned inasmuch as the learned Single Bench while passing the impugned order found that the Respondent No. 1/ writ petitioner has been dispossessed without due course of law and thus, rightly directed the police authorities to restore her possession with a further direction to ensure her peaceful possession in the said flat till she is evicted in due course of law.

5. Placing reliance upon a report dated 20.11.2025 as submitted by the O.C., Nagerbazar Police Station it has been submitted on behalf of the respondent/ State that pursuant to the order impugned the Respondent No. 1/ writ petitioner was put into possession in the said flat by the police authorities which was reduced into writing vide Nagerbazar Police Station, GDE No. 821 dated 14.11.2025.

6. For effective adjudication of the instant lis we at the very outset propose to look to the prayers made by the Respondent No. 1/ writ petitioner before the learned Single Bench in WPA 24934 of 2025 which is quoted hereinbelow in verbatim:

(a) “A writ in the nature of Mandamus, commanding the respondents no. 1 to 6 their men, agents, servants, and associates and each one of them to take appropriate steps against the respondent no. 7 and 8 by taking necessary steps in respect of complaint dated 17.09.2025 being annexure P-3 of this writ application by registering the FIR against the respondent no.7 and 8 and to prevent them from causing disturbance to possession of the flat purchased by the petitioner and also provide the petitioner with assistance in opening the pad lock installed by the private

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