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2024 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 13051

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
B. Anand, Administrative Member, Sanjeev Gupta, Judicial Member
Maninder Singh – Appellant
Versus
UT of Jammu & Kashmir – Respondent
Original Application No. 61/183/2023|Original Application No. 61/469/2023



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mr. Farhan Mirza, Mr. Asheesh Singh Kotwal
For the Respondents: Mr. Dewakar Sharma, D.A.G., Mr. Vivek Sharma

Promotion from Class-IV to Junior Assistant follows seniority-cum-merit among those qualifying typing test at 30+ wpm; higher speeds do not justify superseding seniors absent rule prescription.

Headnote:(A) Jammu & Kashmir Engineering Subordinate Service Recruitment Rules, 1997 - Rule 5 and Schedule II-B (Ministerial) - J&K Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1956 - Rule 25 - Promotion from Class-IV to Junior Assistant - Qualification is matriculation with typing speed of at least 30 words per minute - All qualifying candidates eligible on basis of seniority-cum-merit, not merit-cum-seniority based on higher typing speed - Seniority prevails where minimum merit (qualifying test) met, without comparative merit assessment - Department erred in promoting only top merit scorers ignoring seniority of qualifiers - Promotions quashed; qualifiers directed to be promoted per seniority to available vacancies. (Paras 15-18, 20, 23, 27-28)

(B) Seniority-cum-merit vs merit-cum-seniority - Seniority-cum-merit gives priority to senior even if less meritorious, provided minimum merit for efficiency met; no comparative merit required - Merit-cum-seniority emphasizes merit over seniority, allowing juniors with higher merit to supersede - For subject promotions, rules prescribe qualifying test only, invoking seniority-cum-merit. (Paras 19-20)

Facts of the case:
Class-IV employees qualified typing test (30+ wpm) for promotion to Junior Assistant but were excluded from promotion order favouring juniors with higher typing speeds, despite superior seniority; department applied merit-cum-seniority citing fixed vacancies and Rule 25, while applicants urged seniority-cum-merit post-qualification.

Findings of Court:
Impugned promotion order quashed; respondents directed to promote applicants as Junior Assistants strictly per SRO 180 of 1997 within eight weeks, considering qualified candidates' seniority.

Issues: Whether promotions follow seniority-cum-merit or merit-cum-seniority; interpretation of eligibility under recruitment rules and Rule 25 for limited vacancies.

Ratio Decidendi: Rules require only qualifying typing speed of 30 wpm for eligibility; no provision for higher speed merit ranking - promotion of qualifiers must follow seniority-cum-merit, not comparative merit allowing supersession.

Result: Original Applications allowed.

Table of Content
1. applicants qualified type test but denied promotion due to merit ranking (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 21)
2. promotions based on merit-cum-seniority, top merit selected first (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
3. applicants argue seniority-cum-merit applies over higher typing speed (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
4. rules prescribe 30 wpm qualification for junior assistant promotion (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18)
5. distinction: seniority-cum-merit prioritizes seniors with minimum merit (Para 19 , 20)
6. high court held promotion by seniority among type test qualifiers (Para 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26)
7. seniority-cum-merit governs; quash promotions, direct applicants' promotion (Para 27 , 28 , 29)

ORDER

Per:- Sanjeev Gupta, Judicial Member

Since, the issue involved in both the O.As is similar, they are being disposed of by this common order. For the sake of convenience, the facts of O.A. No. 183 of 2023 titled Maninder Singh are being taken for reference.

2. The brief facts of the case as stated in the O.A. are that the applicant came to be appointed as Orderly vide Government Order No. 249-PW (Hyd) of 2008 dated 06.06.2008 in the pay scale of Rs. 2550- 3200 in RTIC, Jammu under SRO 43/1994 and after serving the respondents for some time, the applicant alongwith some other candidates represented before the department for making promotion to the post of Junior Assistant. The respondents vide No.IFCJ/ES/17900-32, dated 18.09.2022 issued a tentative seniority list of Class-IV staff of Jal Shakti (I&FC) Department, Jammu including RTIC, in terms of SRO 180 of 1997 wherein the applicant figures at S. No. 13.

3. It is further case of the applicant that respondent No. 2 issued a notification dated 08.07.2022 for filling of vacant posts of Junior Assistant and the Superintending Engineers concerned were directed to furnish the consolidated information in respect of Matriculate and Type Knowing Class-IV Employees, strictly categories covered under SRO-160 OF 1997 dated 26.05.1997 on the prescribed Format. It was mentioned therein that the notification for the type test shall be issued separately.

4. Pursuant to the said notification, the respondent No. 2 issued a circular bearing No. IFCJ/Estab./7947-80 dated 27.08.2022 notifying the dates of Type Test of Class-IV Employees of I&FC Department/RTIC Jammu. The applicant submitted all the requisite documents and deposited the fee of Rs.300/-, and in the Annexure ‘2’, annexed with the circular dated 29.08.2022 and the name of the applicant figures at S. No. 87 in the list.

5. It is further averred that the applicant being eligible appeared in the ‘Type Test’ held at Government ITI, Jammu and successfully qualified the same and in the result dated 14.01.2023, the applicant was shown to have qualified the type test with 36 words per minute and figured at S. No. 14 in the list. The respondent no. 2 issued Order No. 203-E of 2022-23 dated 08.02.2023 (in short impugned order), whereby class-IV employees have been promoted as Junior Assistant pursuant to qualifying their type test. The grievance of the applicant is that his name does not figure in the said order, despite having qualified the type test.

6. It is averred that nowhere in any of the circular or notification, it is mentioned that the higher speed of a candidate would be the criteria to entitle him/her for becoming eligible for promotion to the post of Junior Assistant. As per Recruitment Rules, a candidate having 30 words per minute speed in typing is eligible for appointment as Junior Assistant. The criteria adopted by the respondents while making promotions is arbitrary and has deprived the applicant from reaping the benefits of promotion despite being eligible. It is also averred that the applicant has 14 years of service at his back and some of the candidates promoted by way of examination are far junior to the applicant, which is against the rules and the promotion so made by the respondents is required to be set aside.

7. Per contra, the respondents

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