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2024 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 13851

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Sanjeev Gupta, Judicial Member, Pragya Sahay Saksena, Administrative Member
Dr. Surinder Sharma – Appellant
Versus
Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir – Respondent
Original Application No. 61/351/2020



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners:Mr. Abhinav Sharma, Sr. Advocate assisted by Mr. Abhirash Sharma
For the Respondents: Mr. Sudesh Magotra, A.A.G.

'Dies Non' order treating study leave period harshly affects service rights and violates natural justice without hearing; medical officer's higher studies period directed as study leave under 1979 Rules per application and past practice.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Section 19 - J&K Civil Services Leave Rules, 1979 - Rules 61 & 62 - J&K Civil Service Regulations, 1956 - Articles 108-D, 128, 163, 203(b) - Study leave for super-speciality medical course - Government doctor applied for study leave prior to pursuing three-year course but proceeded per past departmental practice without prior formal sanction - Period of absence treated as 'Dies Non' after rejoining without notice or hearing - Order set aside as violative of natural justice; period directed to be treated as study leave with consequential benefits - 'Dies Non' order adversely affects service rights including pension and pay, requiring opportunity of hearing (Paras 11-13, 17).

(B) Constitutional Law - Article 14 - Equality - Past practice of treating higher studies period for doctors as study leave or extraordinary leave without prior decision on absence treatment - Discriminatory treatment claimed vis-à-vis similarly situated doctors granted ex post facto study leave sanction not conclusively established due to non-production of comparative file (Paras 9-10).

(C) Service Law - Principles of natural justice - Treating absence period as 'Dies Non' has effect of taking away vested rights akin to penalty; cannot be imposed without inquiry, notice and hearing (Paras 11-13).

Facts of the case:
Government medical officer selected for super-speciality course submitted study leave application through departmental channel before course commencement (08.05.2015-15.03.2018), proceeded per past practice, rejoined post-completion; impugned order treated period as leave due (except study leave) with shortfall as 'Dies Non' without hearing.

Findings of Court:
Impugned order set aside; period from 08.05.2015 to 15.03.2018 directed to be treated as study leave with all consequential service benefits; exercise to be completed within six weeks.

Issues: (1) Validity of 'Dies Non' order without hearing; (2) Entitlement to study leave under Rules 61-62; (3) Parity with similarly situated doctors.

Ratio Decidendi: 'Dies Non' order affecting service benefits violates natural justice requiring hearing; study leave eligible under 1979 Rules for professional higher studies following application and past practice, even if ex post facto.

Result: Original Application allowed.

Table of Content
1. applicant's study leave application and impugned dies non order (Para 1 , 2)
2. respondents' counter: no prior permission, no parity with dr. shah (Para 3 , 4)
3. counsel arguments on discrimination and unauthorized absence (Para 5 , 6)
4. court verifies facts, past practice, parity issue unresolved (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
5. dies non order violates natural justice principles (Para 11 , 12 , 13)
6. study leave eligibility under 1979 rules chapter vi (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
7. set aside order, grant study leave with benefits (Para 17 , 18 , 19)

ORDER

Per:- Sanjeev Gupta, Judicial Member

The present Original Applicant has been filed by the applicant under Section-19 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 seeking the following reliefs:-

“A. order impugned No. 924-HME of 2019 dated 23.10.2019 may be quashed to the extent the period of study has been considered as dies non by making adjustment of what ever leave was due to the applicant as the same is against the mandate of Article 61 and 62 of the Leave rule 1979.

B. directing the respondents to consider and accord the sanction for ex post facto sanction for study leave at par with one Dr. Anupama Shah who had undergone super speciality course in DNB Neurology from Bangalore and after rejoining ex post facto sanction was accorded and the benefit of study leave was granted with all benefits including salary and other benefits. Thus similar benefit be granted to the applicant being similarly situated. “

2. The facts of the case as stated in the O.A. are that the applicant who has completed MBBS and MD in Medicine participated in examination conducted by the National Board of Examination and on the basis of his merit, he was selected for undergoing DNB Neurology (super-speciality) course in Santokbha Durlabji Memorial Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Thereafter, the applicant submitted his application for grant of study leave to Respondent No. 2 on 07.05.2015 and subsequently, the applicant was relieved from Government Medical College, Jammu. It is averred in the O.A. that the application of the applicant was processed by respondent No. 2 with recommendation that there is already shortage of Super Specialist in the Health Department of Jammu Division, therefore, higher qualification in Neurology shall be beneficial to the patients in general as well as to the department. The applicant after completing the Super Speciality course in DNB Neurology submitted his joining on 15.03.2018 and respondent No. 1 issued the impugned order dated 23.10.2019 by virtue of which the applicant was allowed to join but with the condition that after adjustment of leave, the period spent for pursuing higher studies w.e.f. 08.08.2015 to 15.03.2018 shall be treated as ‘Dies-Non’. It is averred in the O.A. that this action of the respondents is against the provisions of study leave and is discriminatory in as much as similarly situated Doctor namely Anupama Koul who went to higher studies, even without applying for leave, was allowed by the respondents to complete the course in DNB Neurology from Bangalore in 2017. It is further averred that Respondent No. 1 accorded ex-post facto sanction for grant of 36 months study leave for having undergone DNB Super Speciality course in Neurology and all the benefits were granted to the said Doctor, however, in the case of the applicant, the respondents have adopted a different yardstick altogether.

3. Per contra, the respondents in their counter affidavit have stated that the applicant who was appointed as Medical Officer and was undergoing Registrarship in Government Medical College, Jammu had submitted an application along with selection letter before Respondent No. 2 seeking permission to undergo DNB Neurology Course at Santokbha Durlabji Memorial Hospital, Jaipur w.e.f 08.05.2015 to 15.03.2018. However, the applicant left without permission/NOC of the Administrative Department. The applicant after completion of the course rejoined in Directorate of Health Services,

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