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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 1009

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Om Prakash VII, J, Mohan Pyare, Administrative Member
Awadhesh Kumar Yadav – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
Original Application No. 290 of 2017



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: A.K. Dave, Anil Kumar Singh
For the Respondents: Vijay Kumar Singh, Vinod Kumar, R B Pal

Eligibility criteria cannot change midway in recruitment unless rules permit; participants estopped from challenging process or others' eligibility after failure without prior protest.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Law - Principles of recruitment and selection - Departmental competitive examination for promotion - Eligibility criteria notified at commencement of process cannot be changed midway unless permitted by extant rules or advertisement; service record marks permitted if provided in statutory rules even if not mentioned in advertisement (Paras 12, 13).

(B) Estoppel in selection process - Candidates participating without protest estopped from challenging eligibility of others or process after failure; challenge permissible only if raised at initial stage (Paras 13, 14).

Facts of the case:
Applicants challenged selection order for promotion to post via 15% limited departmental examination, alleging private respondents ineligible as Group D employees lacking 5 years service and midway change in criteria by including service record marks. They succeeded in written and psycho tests but not selected. Respondents countered that private respondents were Group C employees exempt from service condition, process followed rules.

Findings of Court:
Private respondents held Group C per classification; service marks per extant rules not a midway change; applicants estopped for not challenging eligibility earlier.

Issues: Whether inclusion of service record marks constituted impermissible midway change; whether private respondents eligible despite alleged Group D status and shorter service.

Ratio Decidendi: Recruitment process from advertisement to filling vacancies; criteria immutable midway sans rule permit; participation without protest bars post-failure challenge to eligibility/process; statutory provisions prevail over advertisement silence.

Result: Original Application dismissed; impugned order intact. (Para 14)

Table of Content
1. applicants challenge promotion order alleging ineligible candidates selected. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. applicants argue private respondents were ineligible group d with insufficient service. (Para 5)
3. respondents argue private respondents group c, estoppel by participation. (Para 6 , 7)
4. court reviews cited judgments and factual participation timeline. (Para 9 , 10 , 11)
5. service record marks permitted by rules, not midway change. (Para 12)
6. estoppel applies; no timely eligibility challenge. (Para 13)
7. oa dismissed; no relief granted. (Para 14 , 15)

ORDER

(By Hon’ble Mr. Justice Om Prakash VII, Member (Judicial)

Shri A.K. Dave and Shri Anil Kumar Singh, learned counsel for the applicants and Shri Vijay Kumar Singh and Shri Vinod Kumar, learned counsel for the respondents, were present at the time of hearing.

2. The instant original application has been filed by the applicant seeking following relief:

“(i) To quash the order dated 09-03-2017 (Annexure No. A-1) passed by the respondent no 1 and 2.

(ii) Direct the respondents to consider the promotion of the applicants on the post of Assistant Station Master in accordance with law.

(iii) To pass any order which this Hon’ble Tribunal deems fit under the circumstances of the case.

(iv) To award cost in favour of the applicant.”

3. The instant original application has been filed by the applicants challenging the order dated 09.03.2017 passed by the respondent no 1 and 2 by way of which the respondents have selected the respondents no 003 to 8 (private respondents) on the posts of Assistant Station Master issued in view of notification / advertisement dated 24.02.2016. The contention of the applicants is that respondents have illegally selected non-deserving and ineligible candidates. They have alleged that they were fulfilling the requisite eligibility criteria as was prescribed in the notification / advertisement and despite being successful at all the stages of the examination, the respondents have not selected them and instead they have illegally selected respondents no 03 to 08. The applicants have also alleged that the respondents have changed the terms and conditions of the advertisement midway through the selection process as the private respondents are Group D employees with less than five years service but still they were permitted to appear in the examination. Thus, by way of the present OA, the applicants have sought quashing of the order dated 09.03.2017 with further direction to the respondents to consider the promotion of the applicants on the post of Assistant Station Master in accordance with law.

Counter on behalf of respondents no 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 has been filed on 13.07.2018 wherein it has been stated that the aforesaid persons were not Group D employee at the time of issuance of advertisement and thus the conditions of completion of 5 years service did not apply on them. The aforesaid candidates were Group C employee and hence they appeared in the selection process in which they turned out to be successful and thus no illegality and infirmity cannot be attributed to their selection as the entire selection process was carried out in accordance with extant rules and procedure.

Counter reply has also been filed on behalf of the respondent no 8 wherein it has been contended that the aforesaid candidate was already working on Group C post and not on Group D post and thus his length of service was immaterial in view of the condition prescribed in the advertisement. It has also been stated that the respondent no 8 was fully eligible to appear in the selection process and entire selection process was carried out in accordance with rules and the candidate was successful in every stage of the examination viz. written test, psyco test as well as in granting of marks on the basis of service records.

Supplementary Affidavits dated 09.01.2020 and 12.04.2019 have been filed on behalf of the respondents wherein it has been stated that all the private respondents were worki

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