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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 1947

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member
B. Jyothi – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
OA|OA No. 1001/2022



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: M/s. R. Arumugam
For the Respondents: Mr. Su. Srinivasan, CGSC

Employee opting for CPF can switch to GPF-Pension post-retirement on parity grounds despite 'irrevocable' option; denial discriminatory if others similarly situated benefited; limitation no bar for welfare pension schemes.

Headnote:(A) Service Law - Contributory Provident Fund (CPF) Scheme vs. General Provident Fund (GPF)-cum-Pension Scheme - Employee who opted for CPF Scheme entitled to switch over to GPF-cum-Pension Scheme on principles of parity and equality, notwithstanding 'final and irrevocable' option, as denial to similarly situated employees in same organization amounts to discrimination - Switch over permissible even post-retirement where representations made, limitation/delay/laches not bar given beneficial nature of pension scheme - Applicant's CPF management share refundable with 6% interest against pension arrears also payable with 6% interest (Paras 20-25).

(B) Constitutional Law - Articles 14 & 16 - Discrimination - Uniform policy application mandatory across employees performing same duties; disparate treatment based on geography or delayed claims violative where other High Courts/Tribunals granted relief to identical cases upheld by Supreme Court (Paras 6, 24).

Facts of the case:
Retired employee joined service in 1984, opted for CPF Scheme in 1985, promoted later, superannuated 31.12.2022. Repeated representations for switch to GPF-cum-Pension Scheme from 1995 ignored; Tribunal directed consideration in prior OA, rejected via impugned memorandum 02.02.2024. Claimed parity with similarly placed employees granted benefits post court interventions.

Findings of Court:
Impugned rejection quashed; applicant deemed covered under GPF-cum-Pension Scheme w.e.f. 31.12.2022; refund management CPF share with 6% p.a. interest; extend pension benefits with 6% p.a. interest; comply within 3 months.

Issues: Whether employee having exercised irrevocable CPF option entitled to switch to GPF-Pension on parity; whether claims barred by limitation post-superannuation.

Ratio Decidendi: Following Supreme Court/High Court precedents, switch over allowed in three eventualities including post-option change, as pension scheme beneficial/welfare-oriented; parity across employees essential to avoid discrimination; limitation not applicable to such service claims per binding judicial dicta.

Result: Original Application allowed.

Table of Content
1. applicant's service history and cpf to gpf conversion claim. (Para 1 , 2)
2. applicant's arguments on parity, discrimination, and binding precedents. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9)
3. respondents' defense of irrevocable cpf option and limitation. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
4. tribunal reviews arguments and frames core issue. (Para 18 , 19 , 20)
5. analysis of rajasthan and delhi high court judgments permitting switchover. (Para 21 , 22)
6. principal bench rejects limitation for similar claims. (Para 23)
7. supreme court dismissals affirm gpf eligibility despite prior cpf option. (Para 24 , 25)
8. oa allowed with directions for gpf benefits and cpf refund. (Para 26)

ORDER

(Pronounced by Hon'ble Mr. M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member)

1.This OA has been filed by the applicant seeking the following relief: nd

“(i) Call for the original file(s) records of the 2 respondent’s authority relating to passing of the impugned memorandums bearing No.F.No.PFO30(ASO1)/2/2024- PF/Comp.No.22876/362, dated 02.02.2024 and quash the same as illegal nd

(ii) for a direction to the 2 respondent authority to grant GPF (pension) Scheme benefits to the applicant in terms of the well settled position of law in similarly and identically placed cases of KVS employees and consequently adjust the management share of CPF paid to the applicant without any interest against the arrears of pension and pay balance amount of arrears of pension to the applicant.

(iii) cost of the original application to be paid to the respondent and

(iv) pass such further or and other order as may be required in facts and circumstance of the case”

2. Brief facts of the case, as submitted by the applicants are as follows:

The Applicant joined the services of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) as a Primary Teacher (PRT) on 24.08.1984 at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2, Golconda, Hyderabad Region, through the direct recruitment process. Her services as PRT were confirmed with effect from 24.08.1986. She became a member of the KVS Contributory Provident Fund (CPF) Scheme during the year 1985, in accordance with the then-existing policies of KVS, and her CPF Account Number is 473. The Applicant was promoted as Headmistress with effect from 16.08.2013 and superannuated from service on 31.12.2022. The 2nd Respondent introduced the General Provident Fund (GPF)-cum-Pension Scheme as part of the implementation of the recommendations of the 4th Central Pay Commission, vide Memorandum dated 01.09.1988. However, the Applicant continued to be covered under the CPF Scheme despite her repeated representations and requests, to which no response was given by the respondent authorities. The 2nd Respondent has extended the benefits of the GPF-cum-Pension Scheme to similarly and identically situated employees since 2017, pursuant to the intervention of the Hon’ble Madras High Court in W.P. No. 19215/2015 and subsequent orders. The Applicant has been submitting representations from time to time since 24.07.1995, but none were replied to by the respondent authorities. Her latest representation dated 21.06.2022 also elicited no response. Consequently, the Applicant challenged the inaction of the respondents before this Tribunal by filing O.A. No. 1001/2022, which was disposed of by order dated 20.04.2023, directing the respondents to consider the representation dated 21.06.2022 and pass a reasoned and speaking order within a period of five months. In compliance with the said order, the 2nd Respondent extended GPF-cum- Pension benefits to another similarly placed employee on 25.01.2024, but issued the impugned memorandum rejecting the Applicant’s claim. The said rejection is arbitrary, discriminatory, and violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India. Hence, the Applicant has approached this Tribunal by way of the present Original Application.

3. Learned counsel for the applicant submitted that, in view of the settled position of law, the respondents were under a legal obligatio

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