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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 2462

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Om Prakash VII, Judicial Member
Shakuntala Devi – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
Original Application No. 1485 of 2013|Original Application No. 194 of 2013|Original Application No. 1737 of 2012



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Shri M.K Dhrubvanshi, Shri Shiv Kumar, Shri Vinod Kumar
For the Respondents: Shri Rishi Kumar, Shri Vinod Kumar, Shri Shivaji Singh

Second marriage during subsisting first marriage is void; family pension under Railway rules payable only to legally wedded first wife, not shared with claimant from void marriage; succession certificate not required for service benefits.

Headnote:(A) Railway Services (Pension) Rules, 1993 - Rule 75(7) - Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 - Second marriage during subsistence of first marriage void ab initio - Term 'widows' in pension rules denotes only legally wedded wives, not those from void marriages - Family pension payable exclusively to first wife, not shared equally - Customary divorce by desertion not proved without evidence of local custom prevalence - Insistence on succession certificate for service benefits and compassionate appointment quashed as contrary to service rules when dependency and records exist. (Paras 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, 24)

(B) Compassionate appointment - Children from second marriage eligible for consideration despite void marriage, subject to eligibility criteria and financial distress enquiry - No requirement of succession certificate - Railway Board circular restricting second wife's children held inapplicable post judicial declarations. (Paras 23, 25)

(C) Service benefits - Family pension, retiral dues governed by service rules, not succession law - Official records of dependency during employee's lifetime relevant, but void marriage disqualifies claimant. (Paras 7, 9, 24)

Facts of the case:
Deceased railway employee died in harness leaving two rival claimants asserting status as widow - First wife claimed exclusive entitlement to family pension and compassionate appointment for daughter; second wife claimed same plus benefits for self and children, relying on service records and alleged customary divorce by desertion - Railway administration insisted on succession certificate due to disputes, prompting original applications challenging such requirement.

Findings of Court:
Second marriage void; family pension directed exclusively to first wife; claims for compassionate appointment for eligible children from both relationships to be considered on merits after enquiry; impugned orders quashed; decisions to be taken within three months without insisting on succession certificate.

Issues: Validity of second marriage and entitlement to family pension under pension rules; applicability of succession certificate requirement for service benefits and compassionate appointment; eligibility of children from void marriage for compassionate grounds.

Ratio Decidendi: Pension rules' 'widows' limited to legally wedded spouses; void second marriage confers no rights despite service records; administrative caution via succession certificate unjustified when rules mandate direct disbursement to entitled persons; compassionate claims assessed on dependency, not marital validity alone.

Result: Original applications allowed in part; impugned orders quashed; family pension to first wife; compassionate claims to be decided per rules within three months.

Table of Content
1. consolidation of related original applications (Para 1 , 2)
2. rival claims by two widows for pension and compassionate appointment (Para 3 , 4)
3. arguments on validity of second marriage and service benefits (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
4. second marriage void during subsistence of first marriage (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
5. family pension only to legally wedded widow (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
6. children eligible for compassionate appointment consideration (Para 23 , 24 , 25)
7. impugned orders quashed; benefits directed without succession certificate (Para 26 , 27)

ORDER

1.Since the cause of action and relief sought by all the applicants in the aforesaid O.As are common, hence with the consent of learned counsel for parties, all the O.As have been heard together and are being decided by a common judgment.

2. The present original applications have been filed by the applicants under section 19 of the Administrative Tribunal Act, 1985 seeking following reliefs:-

Relief in OA No.1485/2013

(i) The Hon'ble Tribunal may graciously be pleased to quash and set aside the impugned orders passed by the respondent No. 2 and 3 vide their letters dated 30.3.2012 (Annexure A-1), order dated 5/7.2012 (Annexure A-2) passed by General Manager/P (CPO) N.C. Railway and order communicated by General Manager (P) /NCR/Allahabad vide letter dated 23.5.2013 (Annexure A-3) vide which applicant was debarred from getting family pension and other settlement dues.

(ii) The Hon'ble Tribunal may further be pleased to grant Family Pension, DCRG, LE., GIS and other admissible settlement dues and last month's salary etc of her husband which were arbitrarily denied by the respondents disregarding the similar and identical settled case law decided by the Hon'ble CAT / Ernakulum Bench in case of Vijayamma vs. Union of India and Ors. [2002 (1) ATJ Page 611] and Apex Court judgement delivered in Rameshwari Devi Vs. State of Bihar and others (2000) 2 SCC 431).

(iii) The Hon'ble Tribunal may further be pleased to direct the respondents to make payment of Provident Fund as per Nomination made in favour of the applicant in Provident Fund Account of her husband late Pramod Kumar Bedharak.

(iv) The Hon'ble Tribunal may further be pleased to direct the respondents to make payment of interest @ 18% compound with 50,000/- as compensation for making undue harassment to the poor widow applicant.

(v) Any other writ or order or direction which the Hon'ble Tribunal deems fit and proper in the circumstances of the case may also kindly be issued in the interest of justice.

(vi) Cost of the Application may also be awarded”

Relief in OA No.194/2013

(i) The Hon'ble Tribunal may graciously be pleased to quash and set aside the impugned order passed by the Chief Personnel Officer N.C.Railway Allahabad vide Order dated 5.11.2012 communicated vide letter dated 7.11.2012 Annexure A-1) along with order dated 30.3.2012 (Annexure A-2) and direct the Respondents Nos. 2 and 4 to consider the case of the applicant for compassionate appointment on account of death of her husband on the basis of railway official records available and on the basis of records supplied by the applicant keeping in view of the distress condition of the deceased family of Late Late Pramod Kumar urf Pramod Kumar Bedharak and also in view of the similarly situated and identical judgement / order decided by the Hon'ble CAT/Ernakulum Bench in case of Vijayamma vs. Union of India and Ors. | O.A. No. 644 of 2001 on 13.12.2001 | 2002 (1) ATJ Page 611]

(ii) The Hon'ble Tribunal may further be pleased to direct the respondents to give all other resultant and consequential benefits as admissible under the Rules to the applicant as a result of death of her husband Late Pramod Kumar urf Pramod Kumar 'Bedharak during service as a railway employee as per case law laid down in case of Vijayamma vs. Union of India and Ors.

(iii) Any other writ or order or direction which the Hon'ble Tribunal deems fit and proper in the circumst

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