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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 2719

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Manish Garg, Judicial Member, Rajinder Kashyap, Administrative Member
Anil Kumar – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
O.A. No.3909 of 2015



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mrs. Meenu Mainee
For the Respondents: Mrs. Sumedha Sharma

Ad-hoc/daily wage employees appointed without statutory recruitment rules have no right to regularization despite vacancies or long service; constitutional scheme of equality under Articles 14/16 mandates strict compliance.

Headnote:(A) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Section 19, 21, 24, 27 - Constitution of India - Articles 14, 16 - Service Law - Regularization of ad-hoc/daily wage employees - Applicants engaged on ad-hoc basis for 89 days and later as daily wagers without following statutory recruitment rules - No right to regularization despite vacancies existing prior to merger of Group ‘D’ posts into Group ‘C’ (MTS) on 30.04.2010 - Mere continuance or administrative file noting does not create enforceable right - Adherence to constitutional scheme of public employment mandatory - Courts cannot direct regularization of irregular appointments as it violates equality and equal opportunity - No negative equality if seniors regularized per rules - OA dismissed. (Paras 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17)

(B) File Notings - Internal recommendations or opinions do not constitute enforceable orders unless approved by final authority and communicated - Mere noting recommending regularization against vacancies has no legal sanctity. (Paras 12, 12.1)

(C) Continuing Mandamus - Earlier Tribunal direction to consider engagement on daily wages as per seniority was continuing in nature but did not confer right to regularization - Subsequent proceedings could not expand into substantive claim for permanency. (Para 14)

Facts of the case:
Applicants appointed on ad-hoc basis in 2004 as Group ‘D’ employees, sponsored by employment exchange but for fixed 89-day periods with no regularization rights stipulated. Continued as daily wagers till 2006. Sought regularization claiming vacancies available in 2008-2010 before Group ‘D’ merger, relying on prior Tribunal/High Court orders directing consideration per seniority, administrative noting admitting vacancies, and regularization of seniors. Respondents denied on grounds of non-statutory appointment, statutory recruitment rules (75% direct), reservation requirements, and cadre abolition.

Findings of Court:
No merit in OA - Applicants’ irregular appointments confer no legal right to regularization - Vacancies, if any, to be filled per statutory rules - Group ‘D’ posts abolished pre-finalization - Earlier orders did not mandate regularization.

Issues: (i) Whether ad-hoc/daily wage employees entitled to regularization against pre-merger vacancies, refusal being arbitrary/violative of Articles 14/16? (Para 8)

Ratio Decidendi: Public employment must follow constitutional scheme under Articles 14/16 - Irregular appointments without statutory process yield no regularization right, regardless of service length, vacancies, or equity - File notings lack enforceability - No parity with seniors regularized validly - Cadre merger extinguishes claim.

Result: OA dismissed. No costs.

Table of Content
1. procedural details and reliefs sought. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. ad-hoc appointments and prior litigation history. (Para 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. applicants' claims for regularization against vacancies. (Para 13 , 14 , 15)
4. respondents' defense on limitation and ad-hoc nature. (Para 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)

O R D E R

Hon’ble Mr. Rajinder Kashyap, Member (A):

By filing the present OA filed under Section 19 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, seeking the following reliefs:-

"8.1 That the Hon'ble Tribunal may be graciously be pleased to quash the impugned orders.

8.2 That the Hon'ble Tribunal may further graciously be pleased to direct the respondents to regularize the services of the applicants against the vacancies which were clearly available prior to the decision of merger communicated by DoP&T on 30-4-2010.

8.3 That the Hon'ble Tribunal may also be pleased to direct the respondents to give all consequential benefits, including arrears.

8.4 That the Hon'ble Tribunal may further graciously be pleased to pass any other or further order as may be deemed fit and proper on the facts and circumstances of the case.

8.3 That the Hon'ble Tribunal may also further be graciously pleased to grant costs against the respondents and in favour of the applicant."

FACTS OF THE CASE

2. Facts of the case as stated by the applicants, are that:

2.1 The applicants were appointed on ad-hoc basis after having been sponsored by the Employment Exchange and selected by the Departmental Committee in Grade of Rs.2500-3200 in the year 2004 on the post of Peon.

2.2 It is stated that since the respondents failed to regularize their services in spite of the fact that several others in similar circumstances had been regularized, both the above applicants along with some other colleagues filed OA No.473/2008, titled Anil Kumar and others vs. Union of India and others and this Tribunal disposed of the said OA 473/2008 along with other three OAs, i.e., 478/2008, 550/2008 and 857/2008 vide common Order/Judgment dated 19.11.2008 (Annexure A-2) with the following observations:-

"31. In all these cases, applicants have sought regularization on the ground that similarly situated persons viz, Mohit Sharma, Satpal, Ram Avtar, Mohan Sharma and Sunil Kumar have been regularized and to direct the respondents to pay them the remuneration in the pay scale as they were all appointed on ah doc basis after due selection and on being sponsored by the employment exchange.

31. As far 2nd prayer is concerned, it has already been rejected in case of Anil Kumar. The same reasoning would apply here also. As far as 1st relief is concerned, it is noted that in all these cases, the applicants were appointed on ad hoc basis in the year 2006 and the only ground taken for regularization is that similarly situated persons have been regularized. It is not even their case that any person who was appointed after them on ad hoc basis has been regularized, therefore, they cannot have any valid grievance nor can claim that they should be regularized. The persons who have been regularized were all appointed much earlier than the applicants in these cases, therefore, these OAs are distinguishable. Simply because some other persons were regularized, it does not give any legal right to the applicants in these cases to claim regularization.

32. In these circumstances no direction can be given even to consider these applicants for regularisation. However in case sufficient work is available with the respondents and they need to engage workers to get the work of Group 'D' done, they shall consider engaging the applicants on daily wages. As per their seniority instead of getting the work done through some contractor. Of course if respondents find any of the applicants is not working properly, it would be open to the respondents to pass appropriate orders."

2.3 The aforesaid Order/Judgment of this Tribunal was upheld by the Hon'ble Delhi High Court vide common Order/Judgment dated 31.03.2009

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