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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 3547

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
M. Swaminathan, J, M.L. Srivastava, A
Renuka Devi – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
OA



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: S. Sankaranarayanan, Dr. K. Manoharan
For the Respondents: J.Vasu

Inspectors/superintendents entitled to notional pay scale upgradation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 under 5th CPC to remove anomaly, with actual benefits from 21.04.2004; parity mandatory for similarly situated employees per precedents in rem.

Headnote:(A) Central Civil Services (Revised Pay) Rules, 1997 - 5th Central Pay Commission - Pay scale upgradation for inspectors and superintendents - Applicant, widow of deceased government servant, sought notional revised pay scales w.e.f. 01.01.1996 for inspector grade and 29.08.1997 for superintendent grade, with actual monetary benefits from 21.04.2004, consequential arrears, family pension and interest - Tribunal set aside rejection letters relying on judgments of Supreme Court, High Courts and Tribunal Benches holding entitlement to notional fixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996 to remove anomaly and ensure parity with similarly situated employees - Article 14 of Constitution violated by discriminatory treatment - Judgments in rem applicable to all similarly situated; delay not bar as recurring cause of action; fence-sitters entitled to parity. (Paras 7, 32, 34, 35, 40)

(B) Limitation - Section 21, Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Pay fixation constitutes recurring/continuing cause of action; no need for condonation of delay; subsequent judicial decisions and implementations create fresh entitlement for parity. (Paras 2, 30, 31)

(C) Equality - Similarly situated employees must receive uniform treatment; model employer bound to implement judicial orders across board without awaiting litigation; refusal to extend benefits arbitrary. (Paras 32, 33, 37)

Facts of the case:
Deceased government servant joined as inspector on 02.12.1980, promoted superintendent on 29.08.1997, died in harness on 01.01.2016. Pay scales revised prospectively from 21.04.2004 despite anomaly acknowledged from 01.01.1996. Representation rejected citing policy finality; OA filed invoking parity from binding precedents.

Findings of Court:
Impugned rejection orders set aside; directed notional refixation w.e.f. 01.01.1996, actual monetary benefits w.e.f. 21.04.2004 with arrears, revised family pension; exercise within two months.

Issues: Entitlement to notional pay upgradation w.e.f. 01.01.1996; limitation and laches; parity with employees covered by prior judgments; personam vs. in rem effect.

Ratio Decidendi: Anomaly rectification entitles notional benefits from 01.01.1996; precedents binding on department for all similarly placed; equality mandates uniform implementation; recurring pay fixation overrides delay plea.

Result: OA allowed; no costs.

Table of Content
1. factual background of pay revision claim. (Para 1 , 2)
2. applicant's arguments for retrospective pay parity. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12)
3. respondents' defense on limitation and personam judgments. (Para 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19)
4. court reviews prior tribunal and high court precedents. (Para 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28)
5. equality mandates parity for similarly situated employees. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
6. judgments in rem apply universally; notional from 1996. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
7. notional pay fixation from 1996, actual from 2004. (Para 40 , 41)

ORDER

(Pronounced by Hon'ble Mr. M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member)

The applicant who is the wife of deceased Govt. servant has filed the OA seeking the following relief:

“i) To call for the records of the respondents and to declare that the applicant's husband is entitled to the benefits of revised pay scale with effect from 01.01.1996 & 29.08.1997 respectively on actual basis i.e. from the date when the 5th CPC became operational, based on the judgments/decisions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court and various High Courts and Tribunals;

ii) To set aside/quash the Letter in F.No.II(39)/OTH/67/2021-ADMN/236 dated 08.10.2025 of the Additional Director (Admn.),DG Systems, Chennai along with CBIC's letter No.A-26017/65/2003-Ad.IIA dated 25.07.2023;

iii) To direct the respondents to grant benefits of revised pay and allowances to the applicant from 01.01.1996 & 29.08.1997 respectively till the time of his retirement on actual basis;

iv) To grant and pay consequential arrears of pay and allowances for the period from 01.01.1996 & 29.08.1997 to the date of his demise;

v) To issue revised Pension Payment Order/Family Pension Order accordingly and to grant and pay the pension arrears and post retirement benefits along with 18% interest per annum to the applicant as the applicant's husband is deceased government employee (died in harness) of the respondents' department;

vi) To direct the respondent to pay cost of the litigation to the applicant as the applicant has been deliberately dragged to the Tribunal by the respondent; and

vii) To issue appropriate directions or orders which this Hon'ble Tribunal deems fit, just and proper in the circumstances of the case to meet the ends of justice.”

2. The facts leading to the filing of the case are as follows:

The applicant's husband joined the department on 02.12.1980 as Inspector and was promoted as Superintendent on 29.08.1997 and subsequently promoted as Assistant Commissioner. He died in harness on 01.01.2016 while working as Assistant Director with DG Systems, South Zone, Chennai. As of 01.01.1996, the applicant was serving as Inspector of Central Excise and drawing pay in the scale of Rs. 1640–60–2600–75– 2900. From 29.08.1997, while serving as Superintendent, he drew pay in the scale of Rs. 2000–30–2300–75–3200. Upon implementation of the 5th Pay Commission, the pay scale of Inspector of Central Excise was initially revised to Rs. 5500–175–9000, and that of Superintendent to Rs. 6500– 200–10500, with effect from 01.01.1996. Subsequently, on acceptance of the anomaly in pay scales, the Union Government revised the scales to Rs. 6500–10500 and Rs. 7500–12000 respectively, vide Ministry of Finance O.M. F. No. 6/37/98-IC dated 21.04.2004. However, the revision was given prospective effect from 21.04.2004 instead of 01.01.1996. Accordingly, the applicant submitted a representation dated 30.09.2025 seeking upgradation of her husband's pay scale from Rs. 5500–9000 to Rs. 6500–10500 with effect from 01.01.1996 and his pay scal from Rs.6500- 10500 to Rs.7500-12000 w.e.f. 29.08.1997 on actual basis, along with consequential arrears of pay and allowances. The Additional Director, DG Systems, Chennai without considering the request of the applicant vide his his letter, dted 08.10.2025 disposed of the representation based on CBIC;s letter, dated 25.07.2023 to the following effect that ' In view

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