SupremeToday Landscape Ad
Back
Next
Judicial Analysis Court Copy Headnote Facts Arguments Court observation
Listen Audio Icon Pause Audio Icon
judgment-img

2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 4314

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
M. Swaminathan, J, M.L. Srivastava, Administrative Member
S. Rameshkumar – Appellant
Versus
Union Of India – Respondent
OA/310/01533/2016



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: K. S. Govinda Prasad
For the Respondents: M. T. Arunan for R.1 to 5

A settled seniority list which has remained unchallenged for a reasonable period (3 to 4 years) cannot be reopened or disturbed subsequently, as it would cause systemic instability and prejudice the vested rights of other employees.

Headnote:(A) Service Law - Seniority - Challenge to settled seniority - Reopening of settled issues - Applicability of limitation/delay and laches - Applicant challenging seniority lists of 2012 and 2016 after long delay - Whether seniority list once settled after a reasonable time can be challenged - Held, no, settled seniority cannot be unsettled after an unreasonable delay as it creates instability and affects vested rights of other employees. (Paras 14, 15, 16)

Facts of the case:
Applicant, an employee of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, challenged the seniority list published as on 31.12.2012 and the subsequent rejection of his representation by order dated 02.08.2016. Applicant contended that the respondents failed to follow the post-based roster system and delayed conducting required departmental examinations, affecting his promotion. The Respondents contended that the seniority list was settled after inviting objections and the applicant made no challenge to prior lists for several years.

Findings of Court:
The Court observed that the applicant's name was consistently placed below the 6th respondent in earlier seniority lists of 2003, 2009, and 2012. The applicant failed to raise objections at the appropriate time when draft lists were circulated. Citing various apex court rulings, the Court held that seniority lists existing for a reasonable period (3-4 years) should not be disturbed.

Issues: Whether the challenge to the seniority list published in 2012 is barred by delay and laches, and whether the settled seniority position can be reopened.

Ratio Decidendi: Seniority is a civil right; once settled and left unchallenged for a reasonable period, it cannot be reopened as it disturbs sound administration and vested rights of colleagues. The law aids the vigilant, not the indolent.

Result: Original Application dismissed.

Table of Content
1. applicant's challenge to seniority and promotional grievances. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
2. respondents' arguments regarding delay and settled seniority lists. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
3. evidence of consistent seniority positions and lack of timeliness. (Para 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. legal principles against reopening settled seniority positions. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. dismissal of oa due to delay and laches. (Para 17 , 18 , 19)
ORDER

(Pronounced by Hon'ble Mr. M. Swaminathan, Judicial Member)

This OA has been filed by the applicant seeking the following relief:

“ a)To call for the records/files relating to the (a) impugned bearing No.TN/CHN/Adm.1/A7/Seniority list/SSA/2016 datd 02.08.2016 (A-33) of the 3rd respondent herein namely, the RPFC-I, CPFO, quash the same in so far as the applicant is concerned; (b) impugned letter bearing No.TN/Adm.1/A8(4) SS Promotion/2016-17 dated 12.09.2016 (A-34) of the 3rd respondent herein namely, the RPFC-I, quash the same and thus render justice.

b) To call for the records/files relating to the final seniority list of Social Security Assistants as on 31.12.2012 (A-21) issued by the respondents 1 to 5 herein and quash the same in so far as the placement given to the 6th respondent herein as S.No.297 and the placement given to the applicant as S.No. 38 is concerned.

c)To consequently direct the respondents 1 to 5 herein to fix and assign the correct seniority of the applicant in the final seniority list of Social Security Assistant as on 31.12.2012 (A-21) by giving him the correct position above the 6th respondent herein;

d)To consequently direct the respondents 1 to 5 herein to promote the applicant to the post of EO/AO/APFC, RPFC-II, RPFC-I, on its respective due dates and consequently to pay the arrears arising out of such promotion within a time-frame that may be stipulated by this Hon'ble Tribunal and thus render justice.

e)To consequently direct the respondents herein to produce before this Hon'ble Tribunal copies of all Post Based Rosters from 2.7.1997 for the kind perusal of this Hon'ble Tribunal by the respondents 1 to 5and whether reservation policy of the Government of India has been implemented in its true and letter and spirit in the respondent EPFO organization by the respondents 1 to 5 and thus render justice.

f)To award exemplary costs payable by the respondents to the applicant herein and thus render justice

g)To grant such other relief(s) which may be prayed for and/or which this Tribunal may deem fit, proper and just to be granted in the facts and circumstances of the case and thus render justice.”

2. The factual matrix of the case are as follows:

The Applicant belongs to the Adi Dravidar community, which is classified as a Scheduled Caste. He appeared for the competitive examination conducted by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) for the post of Lower Division Clerk (LDC) under the Scheduled Caste quota through direct recruitment. The Applicant was successful in the said examination and was appointed as LDC on 31.08.1989. He successfully completed his probation in the year 1991. Subsequently, he was promoted to the post of UDC on 13.11.1992 and as Assistant w.e.f. 18.11.2003. He was granted MACP , as per his option date on 18.11.2013. Thereafter, he was promoted as Section Supervisor on ad-hoc basis on 01.12.2014 and retired on attaining the age of superannuation on 31.12.2021. The Applicant submits that the Respondents, by proceedings dated 25.05.2016, published the draft seniority list for the post of Section Supervisor as on 31.03.2016. The Applicant submitted his representation against the said draft list, with a bona fide expectation that the same would be considered favourably. However, to his shock and surprise, the said representation was rejected. Consequently, the Applicant is left with no other efficacious remedy except to challenge the impugned order dated 02.08.2016 rejecting his claim for proper seniority, as well as the consequential comm

Click Here to Read the rest of this document
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SupremeToday Portrait Ad
supreme today icon
logo-black

An indispensable Tool for Legal Professionals, Endorsed by Various High Court and Judicial Officers

Please visit our Training & Support
Center or Contact Us for assistance

qr

Scan Me!

India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!

For Daily Legal Updates, Join us on :

whatsapp-icon Back to top