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2026 Supreme(Online)(CAT) 6599

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL
Sudhi Ranjan Mishra, Judicial Member, Pramod Kumar Das, Administrative Member
Shiba Sankar Swain – Appellant
Versus
Union of India – Respondent
O.A.Nos. 260/00040 of 2025



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: D.P. Dhalsamant
For the Respondents: K.R. Mohanty

The State, as a model employer, cannot exploit casual employees through perpetual temporary status for perennial work, and irregularly appointed employees with over a decade of continuous service are entitled to have their claims for regularization considered in accordance with constitutional principles of fairness and equity.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 14, 16 and 21 - Regularization of casual/temporary employees - Applicant seeking regularization of service after working for over 15 years on daily wage basis - Challenges order of disengagement issued after administrative instructions - Court held that temporary/casual appointments, if irregular but not illegal, and if the appointee has served for a significant period of over a decade in permanent nature of duties, cannot be dismissed arbitrarily - State, as a model employer, must treat employees with fairness and dignity - Exploitation of labor through perpetual 'adhocism' and outsourcing as a shield is deprecated - Consistent with the principles in Jaggo v. Union of India and others, the Tribunal directed the respondents to consider the applicant’s case for regularization within 180 days.

Facts of the case:
Applicant, engaged as a Group-D worker on a daily wage basis since 2009, challenged a disengagement letter dated 16.01.2025. He argued that his long-standing, uninterrupted service entitles him to regularization. The respondents contended that the initial engagement was not compliant with standard recruitment procedures.

Findings of Court:
The Court found the disengagement order of 16.01.2025 to be unsustainable and quashed it, noting the applicant's 16 years of continuous service and the employer's continued reliance on his duties. The respondents were directed to process his regularization in accordance with the legal principles laid down by the Supreme Court.

Issues: Whether the applicant, having served for over 15 years on a daily wage basis, is entitled to regularization, and whether the respondent’s disengagement order is arbitrary and violative of constitutional principles.

Ratio Decidendi: Regularization is a one-time measure for irregularly appointed employees who have served for over ten years in permanent posts. The State, as a model employer, cannot balance budgets by exploiting casual labor through perpetual, indefinite temporary engagement for perennial work.

Result: Original Application allowed to the extent that the disengagement order is quashed and the respondents are directed to consider the applicant for regularization within 180 days.

Table of Content
1. applicant challenges disengagement after over 15 years of continuous daily wage service. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4)
2. detailed examination of apex court precedents regarding the shift from temporary/ad-hoc status to regularized employment. (Para 5)
3. final order allowing the oa. (Para 7)

O R D E R

SUDHI RANJAN MISHRA, MEMBER (J):

1. The applicant has filed this O.A. stating inter alia that he is still continuing to discharge the duties under the respondents since 2009 uninterruptedly on daily wage basis and at a subsequent date he is on receipt of 1/30th of minimum pay scale. But the respondents issued letter dated 16.01.2025 directing dis-engagement of the persons engaged after issuance of DOP&T OM dated 04/10.12.2008 which is bad in law. Hence, the applicant has prayed for direction to the respondents to regularize him from the date of his initial engagement by quashing the letter dated 16.01.2025.

2. Respondents have filed their counter contesting the case of the applicant by stating that since the applicant was engaged on casual basis without following the process of rules he is not entitled to the relief sought for in this O.A. However, the continuance of the applicant on daily wage basis since 2009 even till date have not been disputed.

3. Applicant has filed rejoinder to the counter filed by the respondents inter alia reiterating the grounds more or less raised in the O.A.

4. After hearing the parties perused the records.

5. We find that law in the matter of regularization has under gone sea changes, and suffice it, to place reliance on the decisions of the Hon’ble Apex Court rendered in the following cases. The relevant portion of the decisions rendered by the Hon’ble Apex Court are quoted herein below:

(i) Chander Mohan Negi and Others vs. State of Himachal Pradesh & Ors., 2020 (1) OLR –SC-865-

“13. It is true that in the initial schemes notified by the Government there was a condition that such appointees should not seek regularisation/absorption but at the same time for no fault of them, they cannot be denied regularisation/absorption. It is in view of the requirement of the State, their services were extended from time to time and now all the appointees have completed more than 15 years of service. For majority of the appointed teachers under the various schemes benefit was already extended and some left over candidates were denied on account of interim orders passed by this Court. With regard to Primary Assistant Teachers, it is stated that all the candidates have completed Special Teacher Training Qualifying Condensed Course and also had obtained special JBT certificate after 5 years' continuous service in terms of the Himachal Pradesh Education Code 1985. The judgments relied on by learned counsel Sri Prashant Bhushan also would not render any assistance to the case of the appellants herein for the reason that there was unexplained and inordinate delay on the part of the appellants in approaching the High Court and further having regard to explanation offered by the State about the need of framing schools which were vacant for a very long time, having regard to topographical such policies to meet the immediate requirement to fill up single teacher conditions, which is not even controverted by way of any rejoinder before circumstances of these cases, we are of the that the view expressed by this Court in the judgments relied on cannot be applied to the facts of the case on hand. All the appointed candidates are working for the meagre salaries pursuant to schemes notified by the Government. Except the vague submission that such schemes were framed only to make back door entries, there is no material placed on record to buttress such submission. Further it is also to be noted that though such schemes were notified as early as in 2003, nobody has questioned such policies and appointments was filed in the year 2012 without even impleading the appointees as party respondents. In the writ petit

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