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2026 Supreme(Online)(Chh) 12209

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
Rajani Dubey, J
Hori Lal – Appellant
Versus
State Of Chhattisgarh – Respondent
CRA No. 214 of 2008



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Praveen Dhurandhar
For the Respondents: Avinash Singh

A conviction for rape cannot be sustained where the prosecution fails to prove the victim's minority through reliable admissible evidence and where the evidence, including the prosecutrix's conduct, indicates a consensual sexual relationship, thereby negating the element of force required for the offence.

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 374 (2) - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 363, 366, 376 - Indian Evidence Act, 1872 - Section 35 - Conviction for rape and abduction - Age determination - Absence of reliable evidence, such as examination of the author of school entries, renders birth records inadmissible for proving minority - Prosecution failed to prove age of prosecutrix beyond reasonable doubt (Paras 12, 13, 16, 17).

(B) Consent - Sexual relationship - When conduct/deposition indicates a consensual relationship and absence of internal/external injury, conviction under Section 376 IPC is unsustainable (Paras 18, 19, 21).

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted by the trial court for offences under Sections 363, 366, and 376 of IPC. The prosecution alleged that the appellant abducted and raped a minor girl. The conviction was based on school records for age and the prosecutrix's initial statement of forcible intercourse; however, witness testimony and the prosecutrix's conduct indicated a long-standing consensual affair.

Findings of Court:
The prosecution failed to establish the prosecutrix as a minor due to insufficient and secondary evidence regarding the school register. Furthermore, the prosecutrix's own admissions of being with the appellant for 12 days and the lack of medical evidence of force established the relationship as consensual.

Issues: Whether the conviction for rape and abduction is sustainable based on disputed age records and the presence of consent.

Ratio Decidendi: Mere production of school registers without examining the author of the entries cannot determine age for a conviction; in the absence of evidence of force and presence of consent, conviction for rape cannot be sustained.

Result: Appeal allowed; conviction set aside; appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. procedural compliance for legal aid and initiation of appeal. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. prosecution findings, framing of charges, and lower court trial summary. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. contentions regarding age evidence and consensual sexual relationship. (Para 7 , 8)
4. inadmissibility of school records for age determination without examining the author. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. inference of consent from conduct negating rape charges. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21)
6. acquittal of accused and order for personal bond under new procedural law. (Para 22 , 23 , 24)

Judgment on Board

1. Considering that this case has been pending since 2008 and no one appears for the appellant today, in these circumstances, the Court directs Shri Praveen Dhurandhar, learned Panel Lawyer to assist the Court and contest the matter on behalf of the appellant.

2. The Secretary, High Court Legal Aid Committee is directed to appoint Shri Praveen Dhurandhar, Advocate to contest the matter on behalf of the appellant and authorization letter in this regard be also issued.

3. This appeal is preferred under Section 374 (2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 against the judgment dated 29.08.2007 passed by learned Fourth Additional Sessions Judge, Durg in Sessions Trial No. 89/2007, wherein the said Court convicted the appellant and sentenced him as under :-

Conviction Sentence
Under Section 376 of IPC R.I. for 07 years and fine of Rs. 500/-, in default of payment of fine, to undergo additional R.I. for three months.
Under Section 363 of IPC R.I. for 03 years and fine of Rs. 500/-, in default of payment of fine, to undergo additional R.I. for three months.
Under Section 366 of IPC R.I. for 05 years and fine of Rs. 1000/-, in default of payment of fine, to undergo additional R.I. for six months.

(All the sentences are directed to run concurrently)

4. The prosecution case, as per the records and the impugned judgment, is that on 12.02.2007, the father of the prosecutrix lodged a missing report at Police Station- Bhilai-3, alleging that the appellant had taken his daughter by allurement and the matter was taken up for investigation by the police. During the investigation, information was received that the prosecutrix was living with the appellant in Village Maradkather. She was recovered and stated that the appellant had committed forcible sexual intercourse with her. Based on her statement, a report under Section 376 IPC was lodged and she underwent medical examination. The accused was arrested and subjected to medical examination. The clothes worn by the accused and the prosecutrix at the time of the incident were seized and the prosecutrix’s vaginal slide was sent for chemical analysis. The prosecution after completing the due and necessary investigation, led the charge-sheet before the concerned Jurisdictional Magistrate, who, in turn, committed the case for trial. On the basis of the material contained in the charge-sheet, learned trial Court framed charges against the appellant for alleged commission of offence under Sections 363, 366 and 376 of IPC. The appellant/accused having abjured guilt was subjected to trial.

5. In order to establish the charges against the accused persons, the prosecution has examined as many as 08 witnesses. The statement under Section 313 of Cr.P.C. of the appellant has been recorded, in which he denied the incriminating charges leveled against him and pleaded his innocence that he has been falsely implicated in this case. However, two witness examined by him in his defence.

6. The learned trial Court after hearing the counsel for the respective parties and considered the material available on record thereby convicted and sentenced the accused/appellant as mentioned in inaugural para of this judgment. Hence, this present appeal.

7. Assailing correctness and validity of the impugned judgment of conviction and order of sentence, learned counsel for the appellant su

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