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2026 Supreme(Online)(Chh) 12713

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
Parth Prateem Sahu, J
Shiv Bagas – Appellant
Versus
State Of Chhattisgarh – Respondent
WPS No. 2540 of 2026



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Vidya
For the Respondents: Vivek Verma

State entities must act as model employers by ensuring fair, non-arbitrary treatment for long-serving, daily-wage employees performing perennial duties. Prolonged 'ad-hocism' and the denial of regularisation through mere contractual labelling is unconstitutional and requires timely, reasoned consideration of claims for permanent absorption.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 14, 16, and 21 - Regularization of daily-wage employees - Entitlement to consideration - Court held that long-serving employees engaged in perennial, essential, and recurring duties are entitled to fair treatment by the state. The state as a model employer cannot rely on contractual labels to perpetuate 'ad-hocism' or circumvent constitutional obligations of fair employment. Regularization of irregular appointments, as opposed to illegal ones, is a one-time measure for those serving on sanctioned posts for over a decade. (Paras 5, 7, 8, 9, 10)

(B) Labour Law - Regularization - Judicial review of status - The court reiterated that relying on labels like 'part-time' or 'contractual' to deny benefits is arbitrary and violates the equality mandate. Arbitrary termination of long-standing employees without speaking orders is inconsistent with the duty to act as a model employer. (Paras 6, 8, 10)

Facts of the case:
Petitioners, working as daily-wage labourers for over ten years, sought regularisation, alleging that similarly situated individuals were regularised. They submitted representations to the authorities which remained pending. The state did not oppose the limited prayer for a direction to decide the pending representation.

Findings of Court:
The court noted the persistent issue of 'ad-hocism' where government entities engage workers on a temporary basis to perform integral and perennial functions. The court held that while financial stringency is a consideration, it cannot override fundamental rights and fairness. Authorities must consider representations for regularisation in light of settled constitutional principles and the necessity of the functions performed.

Issues: Whether long-serving daily-wage employees performing perennial functions are entitled to consideration for regularisation, and whether the respondent is obligated to decide upon such representations within a fixed timeframe.

Ratio Decidendi: The court maintained that the state is a constitutional employer bound by the requirement of fairness and non-arbitrariness. Pending representations regarding rightful claims for employment regularisation for long-serving staff must be addressed by authorities through a reasoned decision, ensuring compliance with the state's duties as a model employer.

Result: Petition disposed of with a direction to the competent authority to consider and decide the pending representation in accordance with law within a period of six months.

Table of Content
1. petitioners seek regularization of services as long-term daily wage employees. (Para 1 , 2)
2. state has no objection to a direction for departmental consideration of representation. (Para 3)
3. constitutional obligation of the state to regularize long-serving daily wage employees. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10)
4. court directs respondent to decide representation within a fixed timeline. (Para 11 , 12)

ORDER ON BOARD

1. Petitioners has filed this writ petition seeking following reliefs:-

“10.1 That, this Hon'ble Court may kindly be pleased to issue appropriate writ/order/direction, to the Respondent authorities to consider the claim of the petitioners for regularization of services w.e.f. the date on which the petitioners are entitled for and to grant the petitioners all the consequential service benefits, in the interest of justice.

10.2 Any other relief(s), directions(s), which Hon’ble Court deems fit, and proper in the circumstances of the case. ”

2. Learned counsel for the petitioners submit that the petitioners are working as Daily Wage (Unskilled Labourers) under the Public Works Department, Kawardha, District – Kabirdham. He contended that the petitioners are working since last about more than 10 years on the said post and they have made several requests to the authorities for regularization of their services, however, no action has been taken till date. Similarly situated employees have been regularized. He further contended that petitioners have submitted representations (Annexure P/3) raising their grievance before the Respondents No. 6 which is also pending consideration and therefore, direction be issued to the Respondent No. 6 to consider the claim of petitioners for regularization of their services.

3. On the other hand, learned counsel for the Respondents/State would submit that as petitioner is not pressing this writ petition on merits and is only seeking a direction to Respondent No. 6 to consider and take decision on the representations (Annexure P/3) submitted by the petitioners, he is having no objection to the limited prayer. He submits that if the representation is pending consideration, it will be considered and decided in accordance with law.

4. I have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the documents placed on record.

5. The grievance of petitioner as projected in this writ petition is that they are continuously in employment since last about more than 10 years with the Respondents/State. Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Secretary, State of Karnataka and Others v. Umadevi and Others reported in (2006) 4 SCC 1 considering that the daily-wage employee/temporary employee will not be discriminated to the extent of wages/salary as paid to the regular employees has considered the regularization of employees who have been employed by the employer, their service is not illegal but irregular and is continuous employment since about more than 10 years and observed thus:-

“ 53. One aspect needs to be clarified. There may be cases where irregular appointments (not illegal appointments) as explained in S.V. NARAYANAPPA (supra), R.N. NANJUNDAPPA (supra), and B.N. NAGARAJAN (supra), and referred to in paragraph 15 above, of duly qualified persons in duly sanctioned vacant posts might have been made and the employees have continued to work for ten years or more but without the intervention of orders of courts or of tribunals. The question of regularization of the services of such employees may have to be considered on merits in the light of the principles settled by this Court in the cases above referred to and in the light of this judgment. In that context, the Union of India, the State Governments and their instrumentalities should take steps to regularize as a one time measure, the services of such irregularly appointed, who have worked for ten years or more in duly sanctioned posts but not under cover of orders of courts or of tribunals and should further

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