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2026 Supreme(Online)(Chh) 17585

IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR
SANJAY RATRE – Appellant
Versus
STATE OF CHHATTISGARH – Respondent
CRMP/1051/2026



Headnote:(A) Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 - Section 528 - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 - Sections 69, 81 - Quashing of FIR - Cohabitation caused by deceitful inducement of belief of lawful marriage - Allegations of sexual exploitation on false promise of marriage and forced termination of pregnancy - FIR registered under Section 81 of BNS, 2023 was held to be wholly misconceived and legally unsustainable as the provision does not correspond to the nature of allegations - Allegations, prima facie, attract ingredients of Section 69 of BNS, 2023 - Power under Section 528 of BNSS can be exercised to secure ends of justice and prevent abuse of process. (Paras 8, 9, 11, 12)

(B) Criminal Procedure - Fair and proper investigation - Backbone of criminal justice system - Court is empowered to issue appropriate directions to ensure investigation in accordance with law - Lapse or error at threshold, including improper registration of offences, can be corrected to uphold ends of justice - Mismatch between allegations and invoked provision reflects non-application of mind. (Paras 9, 10)

(C) Practice and Procedure - Quashing of FIR - Where FIR is registered under wholly inappropriate provisions or demonstrates clear non-application of mind, court may intervene - Defect going to the root of FIR warrants quashment with liberty to register fresh FIR under appropriate provisions.

Facts of the case:
The petitioner filed a petition under Section 528 of the BNSS, 2023, seeking quashment of FIR registered under Section 81 of the BNS, 2023, along with the consequent final report and the order taking cognizance. The prosecutrix alleged that the accused induced her into a physical relationship on a false promise of marriage, performed a purported marriage ceremony at a temple, cohabited with her, and later forced her to terminate the pregnancy through medication, after which he avoided her and refused to marry her. The State, upon court direction, conducted an enquiry and admitted that the FIR ought to have been registered under Section 69 of the BNS, 2023, and that a mistake had occurred.

Findings of Court:
The FIR, the charge sheet, and the proceedings pending before the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate were quashed. The police authorities were directed to register a fresh FIR by invoking appropriate provisions of law.

Issues: The main issue was whether the FIR registered under Section 81 of the BNS, 2023, was legally sustainable given the nature of allegations made in the complaint.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the substance of the complaint must guide the application of penal provisions, and any mechanical or improper invocation of a penal section defeats the purpose of criminal law. The mismatch between the allegations and the invoked provision reflects non-application of mind. The court, in exercise of its inherent powers, can quash the FIR and direct registration of a fresh FIR under appropriate provisions to ensure a fair and lawful investigation.

Result: Petition allowed.

Legal Category Hierarchy

  • crime and sentencing
    • sexual offences
      • offence under section 81 bns (Para 3, 8)
      • offence under section 69 bns (Para 5, 7, 8)
  • practice and procedure
    • criminal procedure
      • quashing of fir
        • inherent powers under section 528 bnss (Para 11, 12)
      • investigation
        • further investigation (Para 10)
        • fresh or de novo investigation (Para 10, 11)

Table of Contents

1. Petition seeking quashment of FIR under Section 81 BNS — Court held allegations attracted Section 69 BNS. (Para 7 , 8 )

2. Petitioner contended Section 81 BNS not attracted; State admitted error, agreed to quashment and fresh investigation. (Para 4 , 5 )

3. Court quashed FIR, charge-sheet, cognizance order; directed police to register fresh FIR under appropriate provisions. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 )

4. When can a court quash an FIR and direct registration of a fresh FIR?

When the FIR is registered under a wholly inappropriate provision reflecting non-application of mind, the court may quash and direct fresh registration to ensure fair investigation. (Para 9 , 11 , 12 )

5. What principle governs application of penal provisions to a complaint?

The substance of the complaint must guide application of penal provisions; mechanical invocation defeats the purpose of criminal law. (Para 9 )

6. Under what circumstances can a superior court order a fresh investigation (de novo)?

When the initial investigation is unfair, tainted, or mala fide, a superior court may order fresh investigation in rare cases, specifying the fate of previous investigation. (Para 10 , 11 )

2026:CGHC:19575-DB NAFR HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR CRMP No. 1051 of 2026 Sanjay Ratre S/o Shri Ganga Prasad Ratre, Aged About 28 Years R/o Ward No. 7, Patanwar Colony, Yadunandan Nagar Tifra, P.S. Sirgitti District-

Bilaspur (C.G.)

... Petitioner versus

1 - State Of Chhattisgarh Through Police Station Mahila Thana, District-

Bilaspur (C.G.)

2 - Xyz ... Respondents (Cause title taken from Case Information System)

For Petitioner : Mr. Sunil Otwani, Senior Advocate along with Ms. M. Asha, Advocate For Respondent/State : Mr. Shaleen Singh Baghel, Govt. Advocate Hon'ble Shr i Ramesh Sinha, Chief Justice Hon'ble Shri R avindra Kumar Agrawal , Judge

Order on Board

Per Ram esh Sinha, C.J .

28/04/2026

1.

Having considered the pleadings made in the writ petition, the written complaint of respondent No. 2, and the affidavit filed by the State pursuant to the order dated 23.04.2026, this Court is not inclined to VED PRAKASH DEWANGAN issue notice to respondent No. 2/complainant, as the FIR, as presently Digitally signed by VED registered, does not invoke the appropriate provisions of the Bharatiya PRAKASH DEWANGAN Date: 2026.05.07 Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 in relation to the allegations made. The Additional Superintendent of Police, Bilaspur, in compliance with the said order, has fairly conceded in the affidavit that the FIR has not been registered under the proper statutory provisions, indicating that the defect is one of improper legal classification rather than lack of allegations. In these circumstances, this Court finds that no prejudice would be caused to the complainant by not issuing notice, as the course adopted ensures that her allegations are examined under the correct legal framework. No adverse order is being passed against her, nor are her rights or remedies affected. On the contrary, correction of the statutory provisions would facilitate a lawful and effective investigation. Accordingly, issuance of notice to the complainant is not considered necessary, being a mere formality without substantive purpose.

2.

The present petition under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 has been filed seeking quashment of FIR No. 64/2025 dated 10.12.2025 registered at Mahila Thana, District Bilaspur for the offence under Section 81 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the consequent Final Report No. 05/2026 dated 04.02.2026, and the order dated 09.02.2026 passed by the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate First Class, Bilaspur in Criminal Case No. 904/2026 whereby cognizance has been taken against the petitioner.

3.

The contents of affidavit filed by the Additional Superintendent of Police, Bilaspur in complaince of the order dated 23.04.2026, explaining the circumstances, under which the aforesaid offence came to be registered and investigated is reproduced hereinbelow:-

“1. That, the instant criminal miscellaneous petition has been filed by the petitioner claiming relief to quash First Information Report bearing FIR No. 64/2025 dated 10.12.2025 registered by Mahila Thana District Bilaspur for the offence punishable under Section 81 of Bhartiya Nagrik Sanhita, to quash the Final Report No. 05/2026 dated 04.02.2026 registered at Mahila Thana, Bilaspur and to quash the order dated 09.02.2026 passed by the learned Chief Judicial Magistrate First Class, Bilaspur by which cognizance of the chargesheet and criminal proceeding has been initiated.

2. That, the Hon’ble Court vide order dated 23.04.2026 was pleased to direct the Director General of Police to call for an explanation from the concerned Police Station as well as from the Investigating Officer as to how the allegations which have been levelled by the complainant in the impugned FIR against the petitioner, the offence under Section 81 of BNS has been registered and the charge-sheet has also been filed for the very same offence and submit his report on or before the next date of hearing.

3. It is most humbly submitted that in compliance of the Hon’ble Court's order dated 23.04.

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