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2026 Supreme(Online)(Del) 5936

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya, CJ, Tejas Karia, J
SHRI MOHKAM SINGH – Appellant
Versus
DELHI JAL BOARD – Respondent
LPA-1101/2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Jawahar Raja, Meghna De, L. Gangnei, Aditi Saraswat, Nitai Hendiya, Siddharth Sapra, Ishaan Goel
For the Respondents: Kanika Agnihotri

An unchallenged reinstatement order fixing a later date of reinstatement creates a break in service, disentitling the workman from claiming regularisation under the employer’s policy, even if similarly situated workmen were regularised.

Headnote:(A) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Sections 10(1)(d) and 12(5) - Minimum Wages Act, 1948 - Regularisation of daily wage employee - Break in service - Earlier award of reinstatement w.e.f. 17.07.1996 not challenged - Effect on claim for regularisation under employer’s policy - Claim of hostile discrimination - No violation of Article 14 where break in service occurred due to unappealed earlier award. (Paras 10-12, 15-17)

(B) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - Powers of Labour Court/Industrial Tribunal - Direction for regularisation - Permissible only where employer has indulged in unfair labour practice or has regularised similarly situated workmen - Deprivation of benefit must be examined on facts. (Para 14, citing ONGC v. Krishan Gopal)

Facts of the case:
The appellant/petitioner was engaged as a daily wage Baildar on 08.05.1982 with the predecessor of the respondent. His services were terminated w.e.f. 09.01.1993. An earlier industrial dispute (ID No.753/1997) resulted in an award dated 03.01.2002 directing his reinstatement in service as Baildar with 50% back wages w.e.f. 17.07.1996 (not from 09.01.1993). He did not challenge that award. After reinstatement, he raised a second dispute claiming regularisation on the post of Baildar. The Industrial Tribunal by award dated 19.09.2008 rejected his claim, holding that due to the break in service from 09.01.1993 to 17.07.1996, he could not be regularised under the respondent’s scheme. The learned Single Judge dismissed the writ petition challenging that award. Hence the present LPA.

Findings of Court:
The Court upheld the Industrial Tribunal’s finding that the appellant’s claim for regularisation could not be granted because his earlier reinstatement w.e.f. 17.07.1996 (and not from 09.01.1993) created a break in service. Since he did not challenge that earlier award, he was bound by it. The Tribunal also found that he would have been regularised had his services not been terminated. The argument of hostile discrimination under Article 14 was rejected because the break in service was a distinguishing factor. The Court distinguished the judgments relied upon by the appellant (ONGC v. Krishan Gopal, Sanat Kumar Dwivedi, Gurpreet Singh, etc.) on facts, observing that none involved an unchallenged award that specifically fixed a later date of reinstatement leading to a break in service.

Issues: (i) Whether the appellant was entitled to regularisation on the post of Baildar despite the break in service caused by the earlier unappealed award? (ii) Whether the deprivation of regularisation amounted to hostile discrimination in violation of Article 14?

Ratio Decidendi: Where a workman has accepted an award of reinstatement from a later date (rather than from the date of termination) and has not challenged that award, the resulting break in service is a valid ground for denying regularisation under the employer’s policy. The mere fact that other similarly situated workmen were regularised does not establish hostile discrimination if the workman’s own service history differs due to an unchallenged judicial determination.

Result: Intra-court appeal dismissed. No order as to costs.

JUDGMENT

DEVENDRA KUMAR UPADHYAYA, C.J.

1. This intra-court appeal instituted under Clause X of the letters patent assails the judgment and order dated 31.05.2024, passed by learned Single Judge dismissing the W.P.(C) 12253/2009 which was instituted by the appellant/petitioner, challenging the award dated 19.09.2008 passed by the Presiding Officer, Industrial Tribunal-II, Karkardooma Courts, Delhi.

2. At this juncture itself we may note that by the award dated 19.09.2008 the learned Industrial Tribunal had rejected the claim of the appellant/petitioner for regularisation of his services on the post of Baildar with the respondent-Delhi Jal Board and accordingly, the reference dated 08.12.2006 made by the appropriate Government under Sections 10(1)(d) and 12(5) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (hereinafter referred to as ‘ID Act’) was answered. By the award dated 19.09.2008, the learned Industrial Tribunal held that the appellant/petitioner was not entitled to be regularised in service.

3. Facts in brief of this case are that the appellant/petitioner is said to have joined as Baildar on 08.05.1982 on daily wage basis/fixed wages under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as ‘Wages Act’) with the Delhi Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking, the predecessor of the respondent-Delhi Jal Board.

4. It is said that service of the appellant/petitioner were terminated with effect from 09.01.1993 without any charge-sheet or domestic inquiry. The appellant/petitioner is said to have been involved in a criminal case under Sections 307/34 of the Indian Penal Code, Police Station Bora Kalan, District Muzaffarnagar in connection with which he was under custody and faced trial which resulted in his acquittal on 15.01.1995. After his acquittal, the appellant/petitioner is said to have reported for duty on 24.02.1995, however, he was not allowed to join his duties, and accordingly, an industrial dispute was raised on a reference made by the appropriate Government vide notification dated 29.09.1997 to the learned Industrial Tribunal for adjudication of the issue, as to whether the services of the appellant/petitioner were terminated illegally and/or unjustifiably by the management and if so, to what relief was he entitled and what directions were necessary in that respect. The said industrial dispute (ID No.753/1997) was decided by the learned Presiding Officer of the Labour Court – II, Karkardooma Courts, New Delhi vide award dated 03.01.2002 whereby, it was held that termination of services of the appellant/petitioner w.e.f. 09.01.1993 was illegal and unjustified, with a further direction for his reinstatement in service as Baildar with 50% back wages, w.e.f from 17.07.1996.

5. It appears that pursuant to the said award of the Labour Court dated 03.01.2002, the appellant/petitioner was reinstated in service, however, he was not being regularised which led him to raise the second industrial dispute vide notification issued by the appropriate Government on 08.12.2006 for adjudication of the dispute, under Sections 10(1)(d) and 12(5) of the ID Act. The dispute which was referred for adjudication to the Tribunal/Labour Court vide notification of the appropriate Government dated 08.12.2006 was, as to whether the appellant/petitioner was entitled to be regularised on the post of Baildar, and if so, from which date and to what relief was he entitled and what directions were necessary in that respect. The said industrial dispute raised by the appellant/petitioner was decided by the Presiding Officer of the learned Industrial Tribunal – II, Karkardooma Courts, Delhi vide award dated 19.09.2008 wherein, it was held that the appellant/petitioner cannot be said to be entitled to regularisation from 01.04.1990 and further that he was not entitled to any relief or any direction from the Tribunal.

6. The said award dated 19.09.2008, passed by the learned Industrial Tribunal – II was challenged by the appellant/petitioner by instituting the

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