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2026 Supreme(Online)(Gau) 8925

HIGH COURT OF GAUHATI
Soumitra Saikia, J
Ekta Shakti Foundation – Appellant
Versus
State Of Assam – Respondent
Arb.P./27/2024



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: S Sancheti
For the Respondents: P Nayak

A referral Court under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 primarily examines the existence of a valid arbitration agreement; procedural lapses such as the absence of a Section 21 notice do not bar the appointment of an arbitrator when the agreement is undisputed and the dispute is arbitrable.

Headnote:(A) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 - Sections 11(6), 12(5), and 21 - Appointment of Arbitrator - Existence of valid arbitration agreement - Jurisdiction of referral Court - Petitioner initiated proceedings under S. 11(6) without formal notice under S. 21 - Respondent contended non-compliance with procedural requirements and that dispute was limited to damages as per previous Writ Court findings - Court observed that under S. 11, the primary duty of the referral Court is to determine the existence of a valid arbitration agreement - The arbitral tribunal is competent to decide claims for damages and compensation - Non-issuance of S. 21 notice is not a bar to invoking S. 11(6) when the intention to refer the dispute is clear and the agreement is undisputed - Court appointed a sole arbitrator to resolve disputes. (Paras 14, 18, 19, 22)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner, an NGO, entered into an agreement with the respondents for the supply of mid-day meals. The agreement contained an arbitration clause (Clause 56). Following the termination of the contract and subsequent dismissal of a related writ petition, the petitioner sought the appointment of an arbitrator due to the respondents' failure to act upon requests for arbitration.

Findings of Court:
The Court held that the existence of a valid arbitration agreement was undisputed. It clarified that an arbitral tribunal is empowered to adjudicate claims for damages and compensation, dismissing the argument that such claims fall exclusively under the jurisdiction of civil courts. The Court further held that procedural requirements, such as the notice under Section 21 of the Act, do not bar the invocation of Section 11(6) in cases where the existence of an arbitration agreement is admitted and the dispute remains unresolved.

Issues: Whether the petition under Section 11(6) is maintainable despite the absence of a formal notice under Section 21 and whether the court can appoint an arbitrator when the previous writ court limited the petitioner's relief to seeking civil damages.

Ratio Decidendi: The referral court's primary duty under Section 11 is to ascertain the existence of a valid arbitration agreement. Once established, procedural lapses regarding the notice under Section 21 do not prevent the court from appointing an arbitrator to resolve disputes, including those concerning damages and compensation, provided the arbitral tribunal is deemed competent to adjudicate such matters.

Result: Application allowed; Sole Arbitrator appointed.

Table of Content
1. summary of contractual history, dispute, and prior litigation. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. petitioner's argument regarding arbitration clause and unilateral appointment invalidity. (Para 6 , 7 , 8)
3. respondent's objection based on previous writ court findings and lack of notice. (Para 9 , 10)
4. court analysis of arbitration clause, writ court findings, and arbitrability of damages. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17)
5. court determination on maintainability of section 11(6) application despite notice issues. (Para 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22)
6. appointment of sole arbitrator and procedural directions. (Para 23 , 24 , 25)

ORDER

The petitioner is an NGO registered under the Societies Registration Act. The respondent No. 2 is a State Nodal Office, Mid-day Meals scheme, Assam. The scheme is floated by the Government for supply of mid-day meals to the children of various primary and upper primary classes studying in Government and Government-aided schools. The respondent No. 2 is represented by the Mission Director, who is a Government Official of the State of Assam under the respondent No. 1, namely the Department of Elementary Education, Government of Assam.

2. In response to the Expression of Interest (EoI) issued by the respondent No. 2 inviting applications from various NGOs for supplying freshly cooked mid-day meals to Government and Government-aided schools in Assam, the petitioner being eligible and having experience in the said category of work applied under the Scheme. By communication dated 01.09.2018, the petitioner was granted approval for establishing a Central Kitchen and was allotted work in the districts of Bongaigaon, Dhubri and Morigaon, as per norms, to provide hygienic, healthy and nutritious hot-cooked food to children under the Mid-Day Meal Scheme in accordance with the existing guidelines of the Government of India. Thereafter, a contract agreement was executed between the petitioner and the respondent No. 2 by way of an MoU/Agreement dated 26.10.2018 for the said purpose. Subsequent communications were exchanged between the respondents and the petitioner regarding the supply requirements, including the number of schools, number of children, beneficiaries, and the scheduled date of commencement of supply from 01.01.2019 to 01.04.2019. There was a request made by the petitioner for extension of time for commencement of the hot-cooked Mid-Day Meal supply. Meanwhile, in pursuance of the allotted work, the petitioner incurred an expenditure of Rs. 3,87,78,435/- towards purchase of land, construction of buildings, rental charges, and investment in fixed assets. The petitioner further claims to have availed a cash credit facility from a bank, on which an amount of Rs. 36,63,063/- has been paid as interest up to 31.03.2023.

3. While the petitioner's request for extension was not replied to, by communication dated 10.11.2019, the respondents instructed the petitioner to stop further supply of hot cooked mid-day meals until further orders. Although no reasons were stated to have been cited in the said communication, petitioner however continued to maintain the infrastructure/kitchens which were also inspected by the officials of the SSA from the district of Bongaigaon and a proper inspection report to that effect has also been issued.

4. It is the case of the petitioner that under Clause 54 of the MoU/Agreement dated 26.10.2018, a notice period of 30 days was required before terminating the contract. Accordingly, the petitioner submitted a representation dated 28.12.2020 before the authorities, requesting reconsideration of the arbitrary termination of the contract. However, no response was received from the respondents. The petitioner being aggrieved approached this Court by filing W.P(C) No. 1620/2022 which came to be dismissed by the order dated 26.06.2023. However, petitioner was granted liberty to invoke arbitration as per Clause 56 of the MoU/Agreement dated 26.10.2018.

5. According to the peti

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