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2026 Supreme(Online)(Gau) 23555

IN THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM & ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Kaushik Goswami, J
Putul Deka – Appellant
Versus
Kamal Rajbongshi – Respondent
MACAPP. 246 OF 2016



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: K. Bhattacharjee
For the Respondents: R. Goswami

Headnote:(A) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Sections 166 and 173 - Determination of compensation - Death of a self-employed person in a road traffic accident - Future prospects - Loss of consortium (spousal and parental) - Loss of estate - Funeral expenses - Principles laid down in National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors., (2017) 16 SCC 680 applied - For a self-employed deceased aged 44 years, an addition of 25% to the established income is warranted towards future prospects - The age of the deceased should be the basis for applying the multiplier - The amounts for conventional heads are: Loss of Estate Rs. 15,000/-, Loss of Consortium Rs. 40,000/-, and Funeral Expenses Rs. 15,000/-, to be enhanced at 10% every three years. (Paras 10, 11, 15)

(B) Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 - Section 166 - Loss of consortium - ‘Consortium’ is a compendious term encompassing spousal, parental, and filial consortium - Parental consortium is to be awarded to children who lose their parent in a motor vehicle accident - The widow is entitled to spousal consortium, and the children are entitled to parental consortium - The amount of compensation for loss of consortium is governed by the principles laid down in Pranay Sethi (supra). (Paras 18, 19, 20)

Facts of the case:
The appellants, the widow and two sons of the deceased Bani Deka, filed a claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, for compensation due to the death of the deceased in a road traffic accident. The deceased, aged 44 years, was a self-employed Power Tiller Operator earning a monthly income of Rs. 5,000/-. The Tribunal awarded a total compensation of Rs. 5,89,000/-. The appellants sought enhancement, contending that no amount for future prospects was awarded and that the loss of consortium was not determined as per the principles in Pranay Sethi (supra).

Findings of Court:
The High Court allowed the appeal and enhanced the compensation. It held that the deceased, being self-employed and aged 44 years, was entitled to a 25% addition towards future prospects. The monthly income was assessed at Rs. 5,000/-, and after adding 25%, the monthly income became Rs. 6,250/-. The annual income was Rs. 75,000/-, and after deducting one-third for personal expenses, the annual contribution was Rs. 50,000/-. Applying a multiplier of 14, the loss of dependency was calculated at Rs. 7,00,000/-. The court further held that the two sons are entitled to parental consortium, and each claimant (wife and two sons) is entitled to Rs. 48,400/- towards loss of consortium. The court also awarded Rs. 18,150/- for loss of estate and Rs. 16,950/- for funeral expenses. The total enhanced compensation was determined as Rs. 8,81,500/-.

Issues: The main issues were whether the Tribunal erred in not awarding compensation for future prospects and whether the compensation for loss of consortium was correctly determined.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that for a self-employed deceased, an addition of 25% to the established income is warranted for future prospects for those between 40-50 years of age. The court further held that ‘consortium’ includes spousal and parental consortium, and children who lose a parent are entitled to parental consortium as a separate head of compensation. Result : Appeal disposed of, Judgment and Award of Tribunal modified, enhanced compensation of Rs. 8,81,500/- awarded with interest as per the Tribunal's order. Respondent No. 3 (Insurance Company) directed to pay the enhanced amount within six weeks.

Heard Mr. K. Bhattacharjee, learned counsel appearing for the appellants. Also heard Mr. R. Goswami, learned counsel

appearing for the respondent No. 3.

2. The present appeal under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 is presented against the Judgment and Award dated 22.06.2016 passed by the learned Additional District Judge, (FTC) No. 3, Kamrup (M), at Guwahati in MAC Case No. 132/2013 for enhancement of the awarded compensation of Rs. 5,89,000/- together with interest at 6% per

annum.

Page 2

3. The brief facts of the case are that the widow of the deceased, along with her two sons, namely, Raju Deka and Kaju Deka, aged about 20 years and 19 years respectively, filed a claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, seeking compensation on account of the death of the deceased, Lt. Bani Deka, who was the husband of the claimant No.1 and

father of claimant Nos.2 and 3, in a road traffic accident.

4. Upon consideration of the evidence and materials available on record, the learned Tribunal determined the

compensation under the following heads: i) Lost of dependency : Rs. 5,04,000/-

(Rs. 36,000/-x14)

ii) Funeral expenses : Rs. 25,000/- iii) Loss of consortium : Rs. 50,000/- iv) Loss of estate : Rs. 10,000/-

Total : Rs. 5,89,000/-

5. The specific case of the appellants is that, notwithstanding the law laid down by the Constitution Bench of the Apex Court in the case of National Insurance Company Limited v. Pranay Sethi & Ors., reported in (2017) 16 SCC 680, no amount towards future prospects was assessed or awarded by the learned Tribunal. It is further contended that the compensation towards loss of consortium was also not determined in accordance with the principles laid down in Pranay Sethi (supra). Aggrieved thereby, the present appeal

has been preferred.

Page 3

6. Mr. K. Bhattacharjee, learned counsel appearing for the appellants, relying upon the decision of the Apex Court in Pranay Sethi (supra), submits that the compensation awarded by the learned Tribunal is not in conformity with the principles laid down therein. He submits that the Tribunal failed to take into consideration the future prospects of the deceased and awarded only Rs.50,000/- towards loss of consortium, instead of the amount permissible under the applicable principles. It is further submitted that the monthly income of the deceased was assessed at Rs.4,500/- despite evidence on record establishing his monthly income at Rs.5,000/-. Learned counsel also submits that the amount awarded towards loss of estate, i.e.

Rs.10,000/-, is also liable to be enhanced.

7. Learned counsel for the appellants accordingly submits that, upon taking into consideration the future prospects of the deceased, the appropriate amount towards loss of consortium and loss of estate, the compensation payable to the appellants

deserves to be enhanced to Rs.9,78,000/-.

8. Mr. R. Goswami, learned counsel appearing for respondent No.3, in his usual fairness, concedes that the learned Tribunal erred in not awarding compensation towards future prospects and in not determining the compensation under the head of loss of consortium in accordance with the principles

laid down by the Apex Court in Pranay Sethi (supra).

9. Heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties and perused the materials available on record.

Page 4

10. The Apex Court in Pranay Sethi (supra) has, while laying down the principles governing the determination of

compensation, held as follows:

59. In view of the aforesaid analysis, we proceed to record our conclusions:-

59.1. The two-Judge Bench in Santosh Devi should have been well advised to refer the matter to a larger Bench as it was taking a different view than what has been stated in Sarla Verma, a judgment by a coordinate Bench. It is because a coordinate Bench of the same strength cannot take a contrary view than

what has been held by another coordinate Bench.

59.2. As Rajesh has not taken note of the decision in Reshma Kumari, which was delivered at earlier point of time, th

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