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2026 Supreme(Online)(Guj) 4568

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
Maulik J. Shelat, J
Virash Jashwantiben Muljibhai – Appellant
Versus
State of Gujarat – Respondent
SCA/15333/2010|SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 15333 of 2010



Advocates:
For the Appellants/Petitioners: Mamta R. Vyas
For the Respondents: Forum Sukhadwala, H.S. Munshaw, Premal J. Joshi

While the right to be considered for promotion is a fundamental right, the claim to a specific promotion is not. Administrative authorities enjoy considerable discretion in formulating and implementing promotion policies, and courts should only interfere if those policies are unconstitutional or contrary to statutory requirements.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 14 and 226 - Service Matters - Promotion - Policy - The right to be considered for promotion is a fundamental right, however, there is no fundamental right to claim promotion as a matter of course - It is a well-settled principle that absolute discretion lies with the authority to formulate policy regarding promotion and the judiciary should not interfere with such policy decisions unless there is a clear violation of constitutional or statutory provisions. (Paras 14, 14.1, 14.2)

(B) Administrative Law - Judicial Review - Promotion - Scope and ambit - Courts should not sit over administrative decisions like a court of appeal - Administrative authorities possess the relevant expertise in governance and policy-making; thus, the judiciary must respect these decisions unless they are manifestly arbitrary, perverse, or illegal. (Paras 14.1, 14.2)

Facts of the case:
The petitioner sought a writ to compel the authorities to grant promotion to a specific promotional cadre from the year 2010, contending that the selection process should have been conducted based on the unit-wise seniority of personnel. The petitioner’s claim arose after the appointment of a previously selected candidate was cancelled. The authorities maintained that the seniority list was prepared on a district-wide basis rather than a unit-wise basis, and merit, rather than unit-specific placement, determined the eligibility for promotion.

Findings of Court:
The court observed that there was no rule necessitating the nomination of candidates on a unit-wise basis. Evidence showed that a common seniority list for the entire district was prepared, and the petitioner was not the most meritorious candidate at the relevant time, with other qualified individuals ranking higher on the merit list. The petitioner was subsequently promoted in a later cycle once she attained the necessary merit.

Issues: The main issues were whether the promotion process was mandated to be conducted on a specific unit-wise basis and whether the refusal to grant promotion from a past date violated the petitioner's fundamental rights.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that since the appointment process was conducted in accordance with a merit-based common seniority list as per established practice, and no specific rule mandated unit-wise recruitment, the claim for retrospective promotion failed. Promotion itself is not a fundamental right, and in the absence of a violation of any specific constitutional or statutory provision, administrative decisions regarding the process for promotion remain undisturbed.

Result: Petition dismissed. Rule discharged.

Table of Content
1. writ petition seeking promotion, rendered partially moot by subsequent promotion. (Para 1 , 2 , 3)
2. competing claims regarding unit-wise vs. district-wise seniority promotion criteria. (Para 4 , 5 , 6 , 7)
3. court determination that seniority list procedures were constitutionally and procedurally valid. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
4. right to be considered for promotion is not a fundamental right. (Para 14 , 15 , 16)
5. dismissal of petition due to lack of merit. (Para 17)

JUDGMENT

[1] Heard Ms. Mamta R. Vyas, learned advocate for the petitioner, Ms. Forum Sukhadwala, learned AGP for the respondent – State, Mr. H.S.Munshaw, learned advocate for respondent No.3 as also Mr. Premal Joshi, learned advocate for respondent No.4, at length.

[2] The present writ petition is filed under Articles 14 and 226 of the Constitution of India, seeking the following reliefs:-

“(A) Your Lordships may be pleased to issue a writ of mandamus or any other appropriate writ, order or direction directing the respondents to consider the application of the petitioner for the promotion to the post of Supervisor/Mukhya Sevika and further be pleased to direct the respondents to include the name of the petitioner in the list and consider the application of the petitioner on the basis of the list;

(B) Pending admission, hearing and final of this Writ petition, Your Lordships may be pleased to direct the respondent to include the name of the petitioner at appropriate place and consider the application of the petitioner and further be pleased to restrain the respondents from giving the promotion to the juniors of the petitioner;

(C) Be pleased to pass such other and further reliefs as may be deemed just and proper by Your Lordship in the facts and circumstances of the case.”

[3] At the outset, it is required to be observed that during the pendency of this petition, petitioner was nominated to the post of Mukhya Sevika (Class-III) on 26.09.2016. So, in that view of the matter, the only question required to be examined by this Court is, whether the petitioner is entitled to be appointed to the post of Mukhya Sevika (Class-III) with effect from 2010 or not.

[4] Ms. Mamta R. Vyas, learned advocate for the petitioner would submit that prior to preparation of seniority list in the year 2010, the respondent was considering the seniority of the Aanganwadi workers unit-wise and out of the list, the eligible candidates were nominated by the respondents for the post of Mukhya Sevika. It is submitted that the petitioner was belonging to Aanganwadi Center situated at Bhadavav, Taluka – Palitana, Dist - Bhavnagar and one Parmar Urmilaben Vashrambhai from said center was nominated for the post of Mukhya Sevika, which was objected by the petitioner as she was not qualified and accordingly, her appointment to the post of Mukhya Sevika was cancelled.

[4.1] Ms. Vyas, learned advocate would further submit that since the appointment of said Urmilaben came to be set aside / cancelled, petitioner belongs to scheduled caste – reserved candidate was the only eligible candidate to be nominated for the post of Mukhya Sevika by respondent and having not done so, it violated the fundamental right of the petitioner to be nominated for the post of Mukhya Sevika.

[4.2] Ms. Vyas, learned advocate would further submit that in the year 2007, when respective Aanganwadi workers nominated for the post of Mukhya Sevika, they have been selected from unit-wise and accordingly, given appointment, whereas in the year 2010, when the candidature of the petitioner to be considered, a common seniority list was prepared by the respondent for entire district and nomination was not considered unit-wise.

[5] Per contra, Mr. H.S.Munshaw, learned advocate for respondent No.3 would vehemently oppose this petition and has relied upon the affidavit in reply and further affidavits filed by the respondents. It is submitted that since the seniority list was pr

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